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As numbers are now assigned by the central issuing office of the SSA, it is unlikely that duplication will ever occur again. Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their use for a number of commercial purposes—e.g., rental applications.[26]. Workers sometimes lost their original number and applied for a new one. Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly available personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.[25]. /usa1964-3.html and also www.socialsecurity.gov/history/candlerops.html. In all, over 50 designs have been used from 1936 to 2008. The use of the Social Security number (SSN) has expanded significantly since its inception in 1936. Fourth in a series of subcommittee hearings on Social Security number high risk issues. The article also traces the historical expansion of SSN use and the steps SSA has taken to enhance SSN integrity. A study of the establishment of the field office of the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivor Insurance: A thesis presented to the graduate council of the faculty of the School of Social Sciences and Public Affairs. A Quick Guide To Shield Your Social In 1972, SSA created an electronic file, the Numerical Index File or Numident, to house the numerically-ordered master file of all assigned SSNs. In fact, 35 million SSNs were issued in the first 8 months of the registration effort. E-Verify.gov. [42], More recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his company's LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.[43][44]. Initial estimates were that 22 million SSNs would be issued immediately, with 50 million ultimately to be issued (McKinley and Frase 1970, 15). 13 A major retailer, Woolworth's was the Wal-Mart of its era. report investment income, interest and loss to the IRS, to report any deductibles of your mortgage interest. Also, the SS-5s and the OA-702s were coded separately by different clerks and were later compared as a quality check (Fay and Wasserman 1938, 24). The primary function of the visible index was to aid in the location of accounts when only the name of the owner and not the SSN was known (Wyatt and Wandel 1937, 121). SSA has since introduced more rigorous verification procedures. Even with field office employees working evenings and Saturdays and with "managers and assistant managers, anyone who was available, pounding away at typewriters," the Bureau had to set up additional typing centers in its 12 regional offices to help with the workload (SSA 1985, 10; SSA 1965, 32; SSA 1952). There is no real significance to how this number is determined other than in a simply pattern. assistance of certain types. They actually start with odd numbers and then go to even numbers. These include: Other features added to the card are not apparent to the naked eye and for security reasons are not disclosed to the public. It’s impossible to figure out your Social Security number even if you know all of your personal information. 2007b. The seven options that SSA developed included: SSA estimated that the cost at that time of issuing an enhanced card to almost 300 million card holders would range, depending on the type of card, from $5.1 billion to $10.5 billion. Withholding allowance refers to an exemption that reduces how much income tax an employer deducts from an employee's paycheck. SSA will continue to assess its policies and procedures to further strengthen the integrity of the enumeration process to prevent SSN fraud and misuse, as well as to protect the important personal information with which it is entrusted. "Then and now" in the Division of Accounting Operations. SSA employees key the SS-5 application data and evidence into the SSA computer system, which uses the information to create or update the Numident. The employer enters the name, SSN, date of birth, and alleged citizenship/alien status from DHS Form I-9 Employment Eligibility Verification into the E-Verify system. Social security number is used for various purposes from 1 In addition, effective January 1, 1937, workers attaining age 65 could apply for a lump-sum payment (equal to 3.5 percent of wages earned after December 31, 1936) in lieu of monthly benefit payments. Not all U.S. workers obtained SSNs during the initial registration period. Of course, the SSN will also still be used for its original purpose—to track earnings in SSA records. Also in 1988, legislation increased the monetary penalties for SSN violations. The first group of employees keyed information from the SS-5 into a master punch card for each individual. (Change is based on study results). The original 1936 version of the SS-5 requested the following information: Although issuing SSNs is still a large workload for SSA, one rarely thinks about the major undertaking it was to register workers for the first SSNs. The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. You also shouldn’t carry your Social Security card around with you unless you will be using it for a specific purpose that day, such as when you’re filling out paperwork to start a new job, and you have to show it to your employer as proof of citizenship (though if you can show a valid passport, you don’t need to provide your Social Security card). Even though the card was printed in red (the real card is printed in blue) and had "Specimen" printed across the front, many people used Whitcher's SSN as their own. In early November 1935, the Social Security Board adopted an identifier composed of 3 alphabetic characters representing geographic areas and 5 numeric characters. 2007a. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. Washington, DC: American University. A Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number that the U.S. government issues to all U.S. citizens and eligible U.S. residents who apply for one. For the most part, people on the east coast have the lowest area numbers and those on the west coast have the highest area numbers. 586 was divided among American Samoa, Guam, the Philippines, Americans employed abroad by American employers and, from 1975 to 1979, Indochinese refugees. When and Why You Need a Social Security Number, When Opening an Account With Any U.S. Financial Institution, When Applying for Certain Types of Public Assistance, When to Avoid Using Your Social Security Number, Form 1095-A: Health Insurance Marketplace Statement Definition. Elliot Marks has spent over 10 years providing clear and concise information to help Americans navigate the complex nuances of social security and many other government services in the United States. ———. In 1971, an SSA task force studied issues raised by nonprogram use of the SSN and proposed that SSA take a "cautious and conservative" position and do nothing to promote its use as an identifier. Even at this early time, the public was concerned about privacy and confidentiality issues. 102. On April 15, 1974, SSA implemented evidence requirements (age, identity, and citizenship/alien status) for applicants for an original SSN who are foreign-born, or are U.S.-born and age 18 or older. The article also traces how use of the SSN has expanded since its introduction and the steps SSA has taken to enhance the integrity of the SSN process. with any United States financial institution. Federal law basically lets anyone ask for your Social Security number, but that doesn’t mean you need to give it out. Congress has also considered legislation that would require the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to use an alternative to the SSN as the Medicare claim number. So, after a few months the Bureau began issuing SSNs to anyone who applied. OASIS. Streckewald, Frederick G. 2006. Employers who participate in E-Verify, a program to make sure employees can legally work in the United States, also must obtain your Social Security number before you can begin work. reporting until there is no income tax rule in your state. [45] SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. Over time, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over 40,000 people as their own. The arguments in favor of the metal card were its permanence, accuracy (records could be imprinted from the embossed token), and economy (because of the imprinting capability). Unpublished internal document. As a result, additional security features were added to the card in 2007. 1982. Social Security Bulletin 56(1): 83–86. benefits. In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a clear need to change their number for their personal safety. Instead, for administrative reasons, group numbers were issued in the following order:[33]. by the united state government to the residents and this number helps in This is beyond the scope of our discussion here but you can learn more about Social Security reform at the Social Security Reform Center.See also How does the Social Security system work?.. For the Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation, the share of respondents who did not provide their SSN increased from 12 percent in 1996 to 35 percent in 2004. Committee on Ways and Means Serial No. You can use this number to apply for bank accounts and for scholarships, and will be essential to establishing yourself as a citizen in the US. The Social Security number (SSN) was created in 1936 for the sole purpose of tracking the earnings histories of U.S. workers, for use in determining Social Security benefit entitlement and computing benefit levels. Registered private employers can also verify a worker's SSN. Use of the verification program is voluntary in most parts of the United States, but 13 states require certain employers to use it for new hires. Sequence 700 through 728 was assigned to railroad workers until July 1963. The Social Security Administration works with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to enroll people in Medicare. Lower numbers are typically found in New England and the Northeastern U.S. and rise as you move south and west. Social Security Board, Bureau of Old-Age Insurance, Analysis Division. In more recent years, SSA has developed a number of SSN verification systems for internal and external use. SSA has taken and continues to take steps to strengthen the integrity of the Social Security card and guard against its misuse. However, delays in getting registration started made these deadlines moot. Over time, as the use of the SSN expanded for other purposes, SSA recognized that changes were necessary to protect the integrity of the card. /audittxt The U.S. Generally, there are no restrictions in federal law precluding the use of the SSN by the private sector, so businesses may ask individuals for an SSN whenever they wish (Streckewald 2006). For example, though most medical providers will ask for your SSN, you can leave the line asking for it blank when filling out medical paperwork, and often, no one will question it. The purpose of having a social security number April 3, 2018 A Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number that the U.S. government issues to all U.S. citizens and eligible U.S. residents who apply for one. [16], Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification.

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