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In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Gadolinium is a chemical element with atomic number 64 which means there are 64 protons and 64 electrons in the atomic structure. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Yttrium is Y. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a “rare-earth element”. Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 27 which means there are 27 protons and 27 electrons in the atomic structure. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications. Actinium gave the name to the actinide series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table. Electron configuration of Promethium is [Xe] 4f5 6s2. The chemical symbol for Uranium is U. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Promethium atoms have 61 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.23.8.2. The chemical symbol for Krypton is Kr. Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88 which means there are 88 protons and 88 electrons in the atomic structure. Niobium is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore (the main commercial source for niobium) and columbite. The chemical symbol for Neodymium is Nd. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. Lead is widely used as a gamma shield. Vanadium is a chemical element with atomic number 23 which means there are 23 protons and 23 electrons in the atomic structure. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. The chemical symbol for Lead is Pb. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Promethium is Pm. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Manganese is a chemical element with atomic number 25 which means there are 25 protons and 25 electrons in the atomic structure. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Mercury is Hg. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. Promethium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Pm. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. The chemical symbol for Nitrogen is N. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. The chemical symbol for Vanadium is V. Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. Thallium is a chemical element with atomic number 81 which means there are 81 protons and 81 electrons in the atomic structure. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal, it is a reactive pale yellow metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. [Xe] 6s2 for barium). The chemical symbol for Platinum is Pt. Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom—the Na+ cation. Curium is a chemical element with atomic number 96 which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. The chemical symbol for Californium is Cf. Although classified as a rare earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is more common than such metals as tin. The chemical symbol for Titanium is Ti. The chemical symbol for Copper is Cu. Actinium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. Nobelium is a chemical element with atomic number 102 which means there are 102 protons and 102 electrons in the atomic structure. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Osmium is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. The chemical symbol for Cadmium is Cd. Krypton is a chemical element with atomic number 36 which means there are 36 protons and 36 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Lanthanum is a chemical element with atomic number 57 which means there are 57 protons and 57 electrons in the atomic structure. Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Plutonium is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. The chemical symbol for Bismuth is Bi. Similarly, the p block are the right-most six columns of the periodic table, the d block is the middle 10 columns of the periodic table, while the f block is the 14-column section that is normally depicted as detached from the main body of the periodic table. Titanium can be used in surface condensers. Thallium is a soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. Thorium is commonly found in monazite sands (rare earth metals containing phosphate mineral). Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. Silver is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. Rubidium is a chemical element with atomic number 37 which means there are 37 protons and 37 electrons in the atomic structure. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. Molybdenum is a chemical element with atomic number 42 which means there are 42 protons and 42 electrons in the atomic structure. Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5). The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. The chemical symbol for Selenium is Se. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series. The chemical symbol for Indium is In. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. Similarly, adding electrons results in a negative oxidation state. The chemical symbol for Tin is Sn. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. Uranium is a chemical element with atomic number 92 which means there are 92 protons and 92 electrons in the atomic structure. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. Thorium is moderately hard, malleable, and has a high melting point. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. The chemical symbol for Arsenic is As. The chemical symbol for Osmium is Os. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47 which means there are 47 protons and 47 electrons in the atomic structure. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Arsenic is a metalloid. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth.

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