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land of open graves chapter 4 summary

Working as collaborators they compiled materials for his ethnography with the intention to publicize migrant narratives and present new data on the detrimental effects of Prevention through Deterrence. Regardless of what one thinks of the ethics involved, the resulting account of both Maricela and of a young man – José Tacuri – who disappeared en route to the United States is haunting. If someone is quickly scrolling through the hash tags to see if the material is relevant to their interests or research, they may stop reading after a certain point. These policies deploy the terrain itself as a weapon in the militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border. 1) How does the author use the notion of ‘multispecies ethnography’ to demonstrate the elements of the ‘intimate connection’ he is attempting to describe in the desert? In particular, he is able to record “humor, expletives, subtle forms of irony, and self-deprecation” which he suggests are “key elements of Mexican working-class subjectivity” and “important forms of resistance and migrant identity construction” (p. 92). If the main, if not latent, purpose of academia is to produce more academics; then the way information is and has been presented in academia is completely antithetical to that. The book was … That they will know that this is the truth. Using Callon and Latour's approach of the Actor-Network theory, De León affirms that the American government's policy of Prevention through Deterrence uses an assemblage of actants he nicknames the Hybrid Collectif. The Land of Open Graves takes as its central focus the impacts of “Prevention through Deterrence” policies that the United States adopted in 1993. 2. And ethnographic approaches provide insight into migrants’ thoughts, sentiments, and experiences. THE LAND OF OPEN GRAVES: LIVING AND DYING ON THE MIGRANT TRAIL, https://clcjbooks.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/logo.png, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Book Reviews, https://clcjbooks.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-land-of-open-graves.jpg, INFOCRIME: PROTECTING INFORMATION THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW, IMPLIED CONSENT AND SEXUAL ASSAULT: INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS, AUTONOMY, AND VOICE. that hinder the migrants' attempt at border-crossing and facilitates death and disappearance. Yet, reading The Land of Open Graves is difficult. What is the specific subject? The book is broken out into three parts. Summary In his gripping and provocative debut, anthropologist Jason De Leon sheds light on one of the most pressing political issues of our time-the human consequences of US immigration policy. [separate post]. Using research methods from all four subfields of anthropology, De León sheds light on the lives (and deaths) of the thousands of migrants who cross the US border with Mexico daily in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. He also gave Memo and Lucho a camera so that they could document their own border journey. 2) Describe the author’s ‘four-field’ approach and method. Publisher: Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2015. What stands out, however, is the degree to which De León introduces readers to a world that they likely either do not know or wish they could forget. -”both came from working class families” (94), -”both were determined to get across the border at any cost” (100), -”male, lack formal education, have crossed the border multiple times, and have been fully incorporated into the US undocumented labor force for years” (106). The US-Mexico Border was virtually open for most of the time it has been in existence. Although, since there is a hierarchy of agency and privilege with all the parties involved in undocumented immigration, (with undocumented immigrants at the bottom, and mentioned above at the top), this also brings forth a hierarchy of empathy. As Zizek points out, “we should learn to step back, to disentangle ourselves from the fascinating lure of this directly visible ‘subjective’ violence.” (Zizek 1). Chapter 4. -criticizes biopower for being too general -tries to take Foucault’s concept of biopower  and  “account for the specific ways that death and the right to kill (or let live) are exercised in contemporary forms of political power” (66), -”increasingly, the political is masked as war, security, or the battle against terror” (66), -necropolitics can be defined as “killing in the name of sovereignty” (66-67)-”’the ultimate expression of sovereignty resides, to a large degree, in power and the capacity to dictate who may live and die’” (67), -desert and selective policing of border used as primary tool which results in this necropolitics, -”necroviolence: violence performed and produced through the specific treatment of corpses that is perceived to be offensive,sacrilegious, or inhumane by the perpetrator, the victim (and her or his cultural group), or both.” (69), -n.v. different from n.p. LIBRARY. However, I This surplus capital often comes at the cost of what value others put on that need, which ends results in the denial of that need (a paradoxical relationship), -affect economy: most of alleviation of Gerald’s suffering and predicament, came from low or unpaid laborers >pragmatic solidarity- able to address unique and subjective needs of Gerald’s home >affect surplus- these images of low/unpaid volunteers were used to generate further profits-Would direct cash transfers be the form of aid which takes into account the most “subjectivity?” >because it allows the recipient to choose which quantity of which goods they want to choose. -Does being subject to “spaces of exception,” make those people “subaltern” relative to those not in those spaces? To subscribe, simply click Join Now. Chapter 5 shows them -Yes, using the theory of the habitus, we know that individuals do not have complete agency over their beliefs and actions. 2) How do Memo and Lucho embody the migrant experience? Readers will learn about the hopes and aspirations of border crossers, the challenges that they encounter, and the physicality of crossing under current enforcement conditions, which push migrants into deadly terrain that leaves its marks on survivors’ bodies and psyches. Christian explains that he never wanted Maricela to cross due to the difficulty and horrors that he faced both before, during, and after successfully crossing the border. Jason De León details the effects of U.S. border control policy through stories of suffering and struggle. famous by the likes of Trinh T. Min-ha and Marlon Riggs. [1]:226–228 De León and his colleagues also travel to meet Maricela's family in Ecuador and once there, her family members also state that they warned her against the attempt but that she left in hopes of providing a better life for her three children. He took strong issue with De León's “shocking decision to buy and execute five pigs to understand what happens to human corpses when they are exposed to the elements of the desert.”[5] Nevins also criticized De León's final statements regarding the broad apparatus of exclusion, in which the author stated that there is “no easy solution”[1] to the issue, while saying his intent of the book was “never about solving our problem of illegal immigration.” Nevins’ critiqued De Leon's practice of “unauthorized mobility delimiting the range of solutions, which one defines as a predicament informing analysis and thus possible responses.”[5], Writing for the University of Oxford, Andrew Roesch-Knapp critiqued the book's strong language and poor reproduction of photographs, but ultimately praised De León's thesis of desert geography being used for immigration enforcement and concluded that "the book provides a scathing, holistic critique of American immigration policy. wide-scope of methods/feild makes “employment” not only more flexible, and therefore more adept at responding to “political hostility,” but also more sound as research in and of itself. Terms of Service because n.v. is focused on treatment post-mortem, even though n.v is still a “deeply political act,” which suggests overlap of meanings in the author's’ context  (71), -during war, nv. have somewhat clashed  with my collaborators on this angle. -for profit model necessitating bureaucratic failure >argues against aid-based institutions being publicly traded companies, >incentives corruption in the form of money mismanagement, (little trickle down to those in need, most capital flows to shareholders), -direct tension between subjective use value, and objective exchange value >Insurance company undervalues personal, subjective value of home >Harvey’s tyranny of exchange value >use value extremely high for Gerald, but in the context of a for profit market, the value is in his home not being used/repaired. He said, “This invisibility is a crucial part of both the suffering and the necroviolence that emerge from the hybrid collectif”. [1]:213 That being the harsh environment of the Sonoran desert, the smugglers and border patrol. Using research methods from all four subfields of anthropology, De León sheds light on the lives of the thousands of migrants who cross the US border with Mexico daily in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. That this stuff doesn’t happen. The Land of Open Graves. 4) How did the new ‘subjectivity’ of residents like Gerald generate profit? I also will make every effort to make this project collaborative, at some point turning the website over to our research participants.A part of that collaboration has been choosing hash tags with which to pair to the photos posted. In the spirit of Plato’s Philosopher King, most academics want to have sole control over their information and how it is applied. Not because of the writing style, which is engaging, but rather because the book forces an encounter with subjects many might prefer to avoid: the ways that bodies decay when they are abandoned in the desert, the role that vultures and insects play in the decomposition process, the speed with which human remains are scattered by the elements, the tremendous costs of the international immigration order, and the fact that those who experience these costs are actually human beings. Sometimes, they are better off expressed explicitly such as with the issue of race. -”the process whereby sovereign authorities declare emergencies in order to suspend the legal protections afforded to individuals while simultaneously unleashing the power of the state upon them” (27)-points out a contradiction in the application of state force, -originally applied to concentration camps.

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