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Thus in 1894 the lake area experienced a huge flood that inter alia. Once established, however, they received compensation for their curing services, the amount in each instance being determined by a kind of bargaining before they began the cure. It was pulverized in a mortar with a pestle in preparation for smoking, which, typically, took place at bedtime and in the company of visitors or friends and involved taking only a few puffs. Only one traveler (Alexander Ross in August, 1811) mentions observing and camping with Indians on the riverside in Chelan country. It is unclear, in short, how best to balance out haste and disinterest on the part of the early passersby on the one hand and, on the other, the relevant aspects of Chelan population distribution, seasonal movements, and other cultural factors as contributors to the general failure of the river travelers to note Chelan presence along the Columbia in the 1811-1850 time span. . Both their winter and warm season communities were concentrated along the Columbia River and especially around the lower section of Lake Chelan, the nearest settlement being their camp at Grade Creek, some 27 miles below the lake-crossing boundary of the Recreation Area. She had, however, to avoid all persons, especially males, since any sight of her in this condition "contaminated" them. They were fitted to the foot with a front drawstring. Similarly, the sororate -- marriage of a man with one of his deceased wife's sisters -- was also a Wenatchi practice. Ross' few observations concerning these "very friendly, communicative, and intelligent" people -- surely Chelan and the first Chelan seen by Whites in their own country -- are noted in the following culture-descriptive sections. The Cherokee women owned the fields and houses, and eventually would pass them down to their own daughters; this is also where the clan affiliations and familial ties came from. It did not break. Accordingly, in theory it should be possible with caution to extrapolate from the traditional life habits of the last three groups to those of the Chelan. Most spirits were considered to be generic in the sense that they possessed the property of serving as guardians simultaneously to more than one person. Each of them After twelve moons, the animal people gathered to meet the Presumably it was erected at warm weather fishing sites, if we can extrapolate from the pattern among the Sanpoil-Nespelem (Ray 1932:34-35), Southern Okanogan (Post and Commons in Spier 1938:41), and other nearby groups. These straps were worn around the head or the chest depending on the circumstance, and were used by both men and women. [and] a more or less separate settled faming branch of the Chelan-Entiat Indians." 1,369 people follow this. On June 2,1836, Samuel Parker (1842:300-307; Smith 1983:92-93) left Fort Okanagan in a bateau with two Indians and two French voyageurs. 7, 8). (Ray 1942:248), Shamans occasionally possessed specifically malignant powers, but in general their powers could be used, at the will of the shaman himself, for good or evil. The spirit had to be removed by the shaman, who "listened" for the new song and then returned it to the ill person. Wooden spoons, mortars, bows, paddles, and combs were unornamented and so were stone pestles (Ray 1942:141,142,143,149,157,170). (Ray 1942:247), Among the Wenatchi the shaman's assistance was solicited by a kinsman of the ill person who brought gifts to the shaman and promised others. Together with the Entiat and the Columbia, they comprised the language unit now commonly termed "Columbian" by Plateau linguists (Thompson 1979:693-694). Some of them had complaints. This frame was covered with mats or grass and then completely with earth. Begin Your journey, learn the Steps to Your Indian Ancestry (Ray 1942:247-248), Natural illnesses were ailments and health problems that were free of supernatural causation. The other served as an assistant or secondary chief. No living Indian remained in the valley." About 1890 Isaac Tillinghast (in Stone 1983:50-51, 54-57) reported that outdoorsmen were then accustomed to take the steamer from the foot of Lake Chelan to the lake head, with their boats towed behind, and then rowed "their way back, about ten miles per day, camping along the shore, usually at the mouth of some one of the numerous creeks which are frequently found coming down from the mountains." He thought that he had as much power as the The infant was bathed in warm water in a special shallow woven basket and rubbed with herbs or vegetable coloring material. These tricks took the form of swallowing fire or boiling water or of handling red-hot rocks. While the Chelan and Wenatchi evidently shared many basic cultural traits (Ray 1939:145-149; Teit 1928), they are either known or can be reasonably presumed to have differed in at least some segments of their lifeways. Fed by streams from the Cascade Range, the lake flows into the Columbia River from the Chelan River. On the other hand, if the data and speculations of the previous subsistence section are essentially sound, temporary food quest and other task-oriented camps must surely have been occupied by the Chelan in favorable locations within the Park Complex, both on and off the primary trails, as bases for seasonal resource exploitation. Other distributional differences at a grosser level within Chelan territory are reported in the table. This supplements and greatly extends the brief list obtained by him in the early 1930s (Ray 1936:141-142). Occasionally, to trade with or visit coastal relatives, the Chelans would canoe up to the head of the lake where they knew of a route which followed a swift stream between high peaks. The Columbia "tribe" (the "Moses Columbia" of the latter part of the nineteenth century) on the eastern side of the Columbia River are sometimes linked, as noted below, with the Chelan, Methow, Entiat, and Wenatchi into a "Middle Columbia (Salish) group." Small trading parties from several neighboring tribes often encountered one another at the confluence of the Okanogan and exchanged news and traded as they passed up and down the river (Ray 1932:116). Words and actions of the deceased were recounted by those in attendance, who, however, at times broke for a smoke. return with Beaver in three days, you will know that I am dead.". (Ray 1942:170,180-182). Further, Lake Chelan was subject not only to a normal spring high water owing to the usual seasonal runoff but occasionally to true flooding when precipitation and temperature conditions were right. ", "No!" The Sinkaietk are the Southern Okanagan. lan), meaning "Beautiful Water". Nor was there in Chelan county any crossing or forking of important trails or other travel routes -- like that at the mouth of the Okanogan River -- which would have brought travelers in numbers into and out of their territory. It seems that they were constructed in the same way as among the Thompson, only the great majority had the entrance on one side, generally the south or sunny side, or the side towards the river or the water. They were not eaten, as, in fact, they were not so far as is known among any tribes of the American Columbian Plateau. (a) On N side of Lake Chelan at lower end of town of Manson. Approximate location of traditional Chelan winter villages and summer camps as described by Ray (1936:141, 1974a:420-423). Finally, Ray's Wenatchi data have been subjected to a careful cross-checking process. V-shaped or two-pronged spears with points of hardwood firmly fixed to a foreshaft which was, in turn, bound to a shaft were also put to use in fishing (Ray 1942:112-113; Figure 470). Further, only one Lake Chelan village is located on his earlier native villages and groupings map (Ray 1936:119 Figure 5); this is the first village in the list below. Apparently bitterroot was either particularly abundant in Chelan country or of exceptional quality, for one of the Sanpoil-Nespelem terms for the Chelan was "bitterroot people" (Ray 1932:11). The treaty was ratified in March of 1836, and President Martin Van Buren allowed a two-year extension for the Cherokees to relocated. The space between the two ridge poles was left open along the entire length of the structure. Apparently the Wenatchi recognized terminologically only two of the cardinal directions, those of sunrise and sunset (Ray 1942:189). This, too, occurred after the mourning period and was cemented by the exchange of presents between the parents. (c) Summer settlement. (Ray 1942:199-201). into it, he told the new human being what to do and what to eat. Inside the house on the west side stood a black suit of clothes. Discounted prices are set forth on the website. 20), but information concerning these religious contacts seems also to be wanting. Occasionally a girl was given to a shaman in payment for some service performed to become, if I read Ray aright, the wife of the shaman's son. Yet neither so much as mentions catching sight of an Indian or any Indian sign while within Chelan borders. But he could divide it into only eleven pieces. From this point downward to the lake foot, especially along the north shore, winter and summer settlements clustered rather thickly. However, the 13 settlements known to Ray to have been situated on the Lake Chelan shores are all included and their data summarized in the list below. Note: The paintings (or pictographs) on the lower rocks have been Special rod-shaped clubs were used in dispatching fish; eels, however, were killed by being bitten (Ray 1942:114, 115). At any rate, his characterization of these Middle Columbia tribes is basically perceptive.

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