what happened to herbert kappler first wife

This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. Ironically, Kurtna's Soviet masters failed to appreciate or reward his loyalty. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 at the age of twenty three. Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty and his organisation were a major obstruction to the brutal Kappler and his Gestapo during this period. This set the stage for further advancement and Kappler was commissioned a Gestapo officer, with the rank of SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant), on November 9, 1938 (the traditional anniversary of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch). Kappler came into direct conflict with the Vatican, as the Germans had strong suspicions that it was harboring Allied fugitives and escaped prisoners, even though the Vatican under Pope Pius XII was technically neutral. what happened to hercules after he died . Kappler organized the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944, as a reprisal for an attack by resistance fighters that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police garrison in Rome. He served as head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. During his teenage years Hugh was a talented student and golfer . On a prison visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase, Kappler, a chain smoker, weighed less than 105 pounds at the time and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrian Jews as part of the Holocaust in Austria.[3]. It was later performed live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire.[21]. Kurtna, however, turned the tables on Kappler by stealing the top secret Sicherheitsdienst codebooks from his office during the chaos that surrounded the Liberation of Rome. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. Because of Kappler's deteriorating condition and his wife's nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him during his time in the Italian hospital. Hugh OFlaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. Kappler's main activities during this period involved suppressing resistance groups, rounding up "enemies of the state", and enforcing anti-Jewish measures, conducting Jewish ghetto raids, and deportations to extermination camps. The film was filled with the Catholic faith of his wife, Maria von Trapp, and their family. At his death, the Ltineburg public prosecutor was Investigating whether West German court could try him for his war crimes. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. After his sentencing (which upheld his lifetime conviction), Kappler went ahead with the conversion. She was their only child. In 1968 she visited him for the first time in the fortress of Gaeta. Kappler had established a ruthless regime and the two men became adversaries in a real-life game of hide and seek, a fiercely fought rivalry that would culminate in failed attempts by the Nazis. Instead, he stayed to work for the Holy See, serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. . In 1922 OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he was ordained three years later. She smuggled him into West Germany by car. OFlaherty was told he would be shot if he crossed the line not that it stopped him. Impressed with his abilities, he was appointed to the Holy See; the Vaticans governing body. Kappler presided over the Ardeatine massacre, a mass killing of some 335 civilians and political prisoners on March 24, 1944. His Nazi Party membership number was 594,899. List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Italy and the Second World War (1940-1945), Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, German police officers convicted of murder, Military history of Italy during World War II, http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2011/0304/1224291271284.html?via=mr, http://catholicexchange.com/2009/02/25/116165/, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915344,00.html, Sturmabteilung: August 8, 1931 December 1, 1932 (SA-Mann), Wehrmacht: June 11, 1935 September 21, 1936 (. Collect, curate and comment on your files. The man in charge of the Nazis was Herbert Kappler; head of the SS and Gestapo in Rome. The two lived at an address on Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. During this time one of his only regular visitors was none other that The Monsignor himself who visited him every month for 10 years as well as writing to him regularly and subsequently baptizedhim to the Catholic faith. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 at the age of twenty three. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. On 19-04-1972, he married Anneliese Viktoria Wenger (born 1925), a homeopath and mother of three already grown children from a first marriage divorced in 1955 (including Eckehard and Ekkehard Walther, who was with her in Rome) In 1962, after hearing about Kapplers fate from a patient for the first time, she wrote to him and sent food parcels. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart. The radio play was first broadcast on 30 November 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. He underwent six months of indoctrination training, and was sworn into the SS on May 8, 1933. [18], In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. Instead, in 1918 he enrolled at Mungret College; a Jesuit school which trained missionaries. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. OFlaherty never lost his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills. During his captivity, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to come and visit. Herbert married Irmgard Kappler (born Erckmann). 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Even so, due to his membership in the SA and Nazi Party dating from 1931, Kappler was considered an Alter Kmpfer and awarded the Honour Chevron for the Old Guard in 1934. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. [3][9], Despite demands that Kappler be returned to Italy the West German authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. [20], Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. He served as head of German police and security services ( Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. As the authorities refused to release him, in 1977, Anneliese carried Kappler out of prison in a large suitcase (he weighed less than one hundred five pounds at the time). Kapplers days were over. She defended these donations on the grounds that she had spent her entire savings to try and secure her husbands release and to care for him while he was a prisoner. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. In 1934, OFlaherty was appointedMonsignor; a title for high-ranking clergy members who have provided valuable service to the church. According to evidence at the 1948 tribunal, Colonel Kappler's troops drove the prisoners to the ancient Ardeatine Caves south of Rome and massacred them with machine guns, hand grenades and flame throwers. As Nazi police chief in Rome, he ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing attack by partisans killed 32 SS men. [2], By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. Italy demanded his extradition, but .West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . He rose to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. . (1997), Military history of Italy during World War II, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", "Weitere Grber nicht mehr namenlos (neues deutschland)", "La vedova di Kappler a Trento per il culto del Simonino", "Erich Priebke, Nazi Who Carried Out Massacre of 335 Italians, Dies at 100", "Nazi funeral that's forcing Italy to face its past", "Kappler's escape MEETING WITH Hon. WWII had little effect on the Monsignors status in Rome even though Italy was part of the Axis powers. In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. If he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he attempted to notify their families. In these measures, Kappler came into direct conflict with the Vatican, which was highly suspected of harboring Allied fugitives and escaped prisoners, even though the Vatican under Pope Pius XII was technically neutral. [17], Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on 9 February 1978, aged 70. Kurtna then passed the codebooks to the Soviets through Monsignor Mario Brini of the Vatican's Secretariat of State. Among them was his future wife, Carla Capponi (1918-2000). [10], In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. Paradoxically, after the war Kappler and O'Flaherty would become friends of sorts.[2]. She defended her husbands shooting of 335 Italian Jews and non-Jews in 1941 in reprisal for a partisan attack on Romes SS headquarters, saying he was acting under orders. [11][12], Kappler organised the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on 24 March 1944 in response to a direct order from Adolf Hitler to "kill 100 Italians for each German", in retaliation for an attack by the Italian Resistance that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police Regiment Bozen's garrison in Rome. Kappler was in charge of Jewish roundups for deportations to Auschwitz. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him after he was transferred to an Italian hospital. Priebke's commanding officer, Col. Herbert Kappler, was put on trial in postwar Rome; in 1948 he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the Ardeatine Caves atrocity, but his wife eventually. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Hugh O'Flaherty, who also often visited him in prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion. He was raised in Killarney where his father was a steward on a golf course where the family lived. He served as the Vaticans diplomat to Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. He would never join his diocese. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. In 1975 Kappler was diagnosed with cancer, but requests for his release were refused. The West German authorities refused to return Kappler because of his poor health and he died at home 6 months later. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. Kappler ordered a white line painted at the entrance to St. Peters Square to delineate the boundary between the Vatican City and the rest of Italy. The Monsignor decided to help. The only people he did not ask for help were his superiors who were anxious to avoid antagonizing the Nazis. Kappler was never discharged and technically held this rank during World War II, although by that time Kappler was an active full-time SS member and exempt from further military service. His first assignment was as a member of an Allgemeine SS formation (the 13th SS-Standarte), operating out of Stuttgart, performing part-time duties as a member of the general SS. They included the wife of the Irish ambassador, several priests, nuns, members of the French resistance, as well as other high-ranking nobles. Thank you for using this website. Kappler was next entrusted with Jewish roundups for transportation to Auschwitz; in his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported with only 16 surviving, and Kappler would later arrange the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom would eventually perish in Nazi gas chambers. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence; later, he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler . Family of Kappler, ExSS Colonel, Withholds plans for His Funeral, https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/11/archives/family-of-kappler-exss-colonel-withholds-plans-for-his-funeral.html. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). Herbert had 2 siblings: Gertrude Krener (born Kappler) and one other sibling. Living in a major city such as Stuttgart, Kappler was a witness to the chaos of the Great Depression, the expansion of the Freikorps, and the rise of the Nazi Party. In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. Upon the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939, Kappler was serving as an SS-Hauptsturmfhrer (captain) out of the Stuttgart Gestapo main office. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. Now he was practically in charge of Rome as. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. Kappler was convicted to life imprisonment by an Italian military tribunal after WWII and served life imprisonment in an Italian prison. The radio play was first broadcast on November 30, 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. Kurtna was last seen in 1948 by Fr. In 1935, as part of Germany's rearming programs, Kappler was called up to serve in the Wehrmacht. As they already had so many enemies, the last thing they wanted was to alienate the worlds entire Catholic population by violating the Popes domain. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. It is estimated his group hid over 6,500 people for the remainder of the war in farms, convents, churches, and private apartments. Of the citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by the Vatican at different properties, and3,700 were hidden by OFlahertys group. Contents His wife, who had helped get him back to West Germany, declared at the time that she wanted him to be able to die in his own house. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung . Walter Ciszek as a fellow political prisoner in the Gulag complex located 300km above the Arctic Circle and known as Norillag. In January 1936, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Scharfhrer (sergeant) and assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office of Stuttgart (Stapoleitstelle Stuttgart). Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. You got lucky! From 1939 to 1940, he was briefly deployed to Poland and participated in various Einsatzgruppen actions before serving a further tour as a uniformed Gestapo officer in occupied Belgium where he acted to suppress resistance. He later arranged the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers. With a portion of Italy under German occupation, those POWs were at risk of being recaptured. OFlaherty enlisted several VIPs. iie was 70 years old. He would be Kapplers only visitor until 1959. Did Herbert Kappler become a Catholic? He also testified that he had selected as his victims Italian criminals, civilians accused of crimes and Jews. Raised a Protestant, Kappler wanted to convert to Roman Catholicism, but OFlaherty cautioned against it. Fritz was born on February 23 1876. . Kunigunde was born on August 21 1882. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism, partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org, Search JTA's historical archive dating back to 1923. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. One of the most notorious actions Kappler undertook while in Rome was the organization of the Ardeatine massacre where 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944 in collective punishment for an attack by resistance fighters against the SS Police Regiment Bozen in Rome. Asked by the TV interviewer whether approval had perhaps not come from the wrong (political) side, she said she was not interested where approval came from. Obersturmbannfhrer Herbert Kappler in 1946; By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. In 1934, OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he assigned... The same time, he ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing attack by partisans killed 32 men... Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and their family one other sibling wwii and served imprisonment! Of sixty-eight, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to and... The Timess print archive, before later moving to an apartment listed at,. On a golf course where the family lived of an article from Timess! Oflaherty never lost his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills wanted convert. The Soviets through monsignor Mario Brini of the Axis powers the Nazi Party on August 1 1931! 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