byzantine emperor justinian
The first draft of the Codex Justinianeus, a codification of imperial constitutions from the 2nd century onward, was issued on 7 April 529. [117] According to Brown (1971), the increased professionalization of tax collection did much to destroy the traditional structures of provincial life, as it weakened the autonomy of the town councils in the Greek towns. On any device & OS. [109], Justinian also strengthened the borders of the Empire from Africa to the East through the construction of fortifications and ensured Constantinople of its water supply through construction of underground cisterns (see Basilica Cistern). Considered by some scholars to be the last great Roman emperor and the first great Byzantine emperor, Justinian fought to reclaim Roman territory and left a lasting impact on architecture and law. Corrections? What did Justinian I accomplish as emperor? [51] In 530 the Persian forces suffered a double defeat at Dara and Satala, but the next year saw the defeat of Roman forces under Belisarius near Callinicum. [99] Justinian also interfered in the internal affairs of the synagogue[100] and encouraged the Jews to use the Greek Septuagint in their synagogues in Constantinople. Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire, Andrs Mcsy. The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire (Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World) Annotated Edition by James Allan Evans (Author) 5 ratings Part of: Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World (7 books) See all formats and editions Hardcover $20.89 - $57.29 5 Used from $20.89 6 New from $52.00 LotSearch > Archiv > Coins > Byzantine Empire, Justinian I, 527-565, Premium pages left without account: Registrieren Login . Seven ringleaders were executed, but one of each side survived and became a rallying point that integrated fans of both teams. Belisarius feigned acceptance of the offer, entered the city in May 540, and reclaimed it for the Empire. Justinian II is remembered for his brutality as the last Byzantine emperor in the Heraclian dynasty. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Justinian was emperor from A.D. 527 to 565. In these and other domestic affairs, Justinian excelled. In 685, at the age of sixteen, Justinian II succeeded his father as sole emperor. After a second battle at Mons Lactarius in October that year, the resistance of the Ostrogoths was finally broken. [citation needed], The Glittering Horn: Secret Memoirs of the Court of Justinian was a novel written by Pierson Dixon in 1958 about the court of Justinian. Now a mob, they appointed a new emperor. In 550551 the invaders even wintered in Byzantine territory, despite the efforts of the army to dislodge them. Instead, he was of common. Justinian Ruler where the Byzantine empire reached its greatest size. Justinian, who continued this policy, tried to impose religious unity on his subjects by forcing them to accept doctrinal compromises that might appeal to all parties, a policy that proved unsuccessful as he satisfied none of them. He ruled from 527 to 565 and was determined to revive ancient Rome by retaking lands that had been overrun by invaders. An Illyrian, Justinian was born Petrus Sabbatius in A.D. 483 in Tauresium, Dardania (Yugoslavia), a Latin-speaking area of the Empire. As his forces were deployed elsewhere, the Avars took advantage of him and forced Tiberius to give up the key city of Sirmium. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the Empire". Maurice, the fifth and final emperor of the Justinian dynasty, reportedly came from Armenia and began his career in Constantinople as a notarius. One of the greatest achievements of emperor Justinian I (527-565 CE) was the Reconquest of the Roman West. ", "The Date, Dedication, and Design of Sts. Obv. Pockets of resistance, reinforced by Franks and Alemanni who had invaded Italy in 553, lingered on until 562, when the Byzantines were in control of the whole of the country. [88] Other peoples also accepted Christianity: the Heruli,[89] the Huns dwelling near the Don,[90] the Abasgi,[91] and the Tzanni in Caucasia. He explains the division of the Roman Empire under Emperor Diocletian and establishment of the city of Constantinople by Emperor Constantine. Justinian was appointed consul in 521, and later as commander of the army of the east. Furthermore, Justinian restored cities damaged by earthquake or war and built a new city near his place of birth called Justiniana Prima, which was intended to replace Thessalonica as the political and religious centre of Illyricum. He was the head of the army, the highest political authority and the supreme legislator and judge. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Justinian's childless uncle became the Roman Emperor Justin I in A.D. 518. In 554, a large-scale Frankish invasion was defeated at Casilinum, and Italy was secured for the Empire, though it would take Narses several years to reduce the remaining Gothic strongholds. Many of our modern laws can be traced back to the Justinian Code. Designed as an accessible introduction to Justinian's reign and his time, The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire offers readers and researchers an appealing mix of descriptive chapters,. During his reign, Justinian reorganized the government of the Byzantine Empire and enacted several reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption. Justinian himself took the field only once, during a campaign against the Huns in 559, when he was already an old man. Annotated Timeline 1. This campaign marked the apogee of Byzantine expansion. Totila was defeated by superior numbers and strategy and was mortally wounded at the battle of Busta Gallorum. [64] [35] Justinian was struck by the plague in the early 540s but recovered. One famous Byzantine Emperor was Justinian I. Justinian ruled from AD 527 to 565. The recovery of Africa cost the empire about 100,000 pounds of gold.[59]. Justinian I reigned as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565 CE. The professor emphasizes the geographic and economic . Emperor Justinian wanted to have the same glorious days as the Roman Empire in the Ancient Age. Omissions? Justinian is best remembered for his work as a legislator and codifier. He hoped to come to terms with Justinian, but in 552 a powerful army was sent against him under the eunuch commander Narses. Previous Emperors had tried to alleviate theological conflicts by declarations that deemphasized the Council of Chalcedon, which had condemned Monophysitism, which had strongholds in Egypt and Syria, and by tolerating the appointment of Monophysites to church offices. In 582 he married Tiberious' daughter and succeeded him on the throne at the age of 43.[17]. The newly founded province of Spania kept the Visigoths as a threat to Hispania alone and not to the western Mediterranean and Africa. One of the most spectacular features of Justinian's reign was the recovery of large stretches of land around the Western Mediterranean basin that had slipped out of Imperial control in the 5th century. Stanford University Press. Belisarius arrived and received only token resistance. Greek and Roman traditions were preserved in the Byzantine Empire. Gill, N.S. Their king, Theodoric the Great, was suspicious of plots by the Byzantines; and turned on the Roman senatorial class, going so far as executing the philosopher Boethius, who was attempting to end the persecution. [7] During his reign, Justinian also subdued the Tzani, a people on the east coast of the Black Sea that had never been under Roman rule before. Dr. Patrick Hotle a decorated and award winning historian and professor discusses the amazing and important history of the Byzantine Empire and the ancient city of Constantinople. Justinian is considered one of the most important late Roman and Byzantine emperors. In addition, long-distance trade flourished, reaching as far north as Cornwall where tin was exchanged for Roman wheat. "The Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian." During the years of his reign, the empire included most of the. JUSTINIAN I, BYZANTINE EMPEROR Reigned 527 to 565; legislator, theologian, restorer of the Roman Empire, b. Tauresium, probably modern Caricin Grad, 482, d. Constantinople, Nov. 14, 565. Narses entered Rome and soon afterward defeated Ostrogothic resistance at Mount Lactarius, south of Vesuvius. One year and nine days later, after a grueling siege, Witigis had displayed his utter inabilities as a king, and Belisarius had showed his brilliance as a commander. At the end of the war, Italy was garrisoned with an army of 16,000 men. Then, when Justin died on August 1, 527, Justinian went from joint to sole emperor. Justinian was unable to do anything to resolve the differences. By that time Theodahad had been deposed by the Ostrogothic army, who had elected Vitigis as their new king. Byzantine Emperor Justinian's MOST significant political accomplishment was codifying Roman law. In order to protect the manufacture of silk products, Justinian granted a monopoly to the imperial factories in 541. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. He regulated everything, both in religion and in law. Justinian protested Gelimer's actions, demanding that Gelimer return the kingdom to Hilderic. His name at birth was Petrus Sabbatius. In his last years, conflict increased around the Empire. At the same time, his wife, the former actress Theodora, who exercised considerable influence over him, was crowned augusta. [50] The re-conquests were in large part carried out by his general Belisarius.[c]. [44], Justinian discontinued the regular appointment of Consuls in 541. The first truly strong Byzantine Emperor was Justinianwho ruled the Byzantine Empire from 527 CE to 565 CE. During the mutiny, a civil war began between rival factions in Persia, and Maurice saw an opportunity. See A. D. Lee, "The Empire at War", in Michael Maas (ed.). [123] These events may have been caused by an atmospheric dust veil resulting from a large volcanic eruption. [116], At the start of Justinian I's reign he had inherited a surplus 28,800,000 solidi (400,000 pounds of gold) in the imperial treasury from Anastasius I and Justin I. Emperors Justin I (and later Justinian himself) rescinded these policies and reestablished the union between Constantinople and Rome. Biography of Justinian I, Emperor of Byzantine, Biography of Empress Theodora, Byzantine Feminist, The Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus), Timelines and Chronologies of Roman Emperors, Most Important Figures in Ancient History, Constantinople: Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. While military efforts were directed to the East, the situation in Italy took a turn for the worse. Justinian's ambition to restore the Roman Empire to its former glory was only partly realized. Northern Africa was reorganized as part of the empire and now included Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands, and Septem (Ceuta). [54], In 533, Belisarius sailed to Africa with a fleet of 92 dromons, escorting 500 transports carrying an army of about 15,000 men, as well as a number of barbarian troops. Author of. During his reign, Justinian reorganized the government of the Byzantine Empire and enacted several reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption. Justinian I A Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. However improbable it may seem, this event was born of extreme sports fanaticism and corruption. At the same time, the Vandals were threatened by the Moorish tribes of Mauretania and southern Numidia. [107] Works of embellishment were not confined to churches alone: excavations at the site of the Great Palace of Constantinople have yielded several high-quality mosaics dating from Justinian's reign, and a column topped by a bronze statue of Justinian on horseback and dressed in a military costume was erected in the Augustaeum in Constantinople in 543. In the course of his reign, Justinian, who had a genuine interest in matters of theology, authored a small number of theological treatises. The second book, the Digesta, was drawn up between 530 and 533. Procopius' book On Buildings [De aedificiis] describes Justinian's building projects that included aqueducts and bridges, monasteries, orphanages, hostels, and the Hagia Sophia, which still stands in Constantinople/Istanbul. Justinian also dispatched Belisarius to settle problems in Africa and Europe. . While still a young man, he went to Constantinople, where his uncle held high military command. Justin I, Byzantine Emperor views 3,942,573 updated JUSTIN I, BYZANTINE EMPEROR Reigned July 1, 518 to Aug. 1, 527; b. near the fortress of Bederiana in Thrace, c. 450, a Latin-speaking area which had suffered from Hunnic and Ostrogothic invasions that had made life difficult for the peasantry. Several candidates were nominated but were rejected for various reasons. [citation needed]. The reign of Justinian was a prodigiously paramount period. Justinian II was the first son of Emperor Constantine IV and Anastasia. Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar. 25 results for "byzantine empire under justinian". Justinian died on November 14, 565, in Constantinople. Emperor Justinian I was a master legislator. Package includes: 2 hours cooking class . After a victory at Faenza in 542, they reconquered the major cities of Southern Italy and soon held almost the entire Italian peninsula. They are an important symbol of power and are full of symbolism. [126][127], The causes of these disasters are not precisely known, but volcanoes at the Rabaul caldera, Lake Ilopango, Krakatoa, or, according to a recent finding, in Iceland are suspected. [69], In addition to the other conquests, the Empire established a presence in Visigothic Hispania, when the usurper Athanagild requested assistance in his rebellion against King Agila I. Justin, who was from a Latin speaking province, spoke little Greek[1] and was mostly illiterate. Another contemporary historian, Procopius, compares Justinian's appearance to that of tyrannical Emperor Domitian, although this is probably slander. Byzantine Empire: The 6th century: from East Rome to Byzantium. Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS PP AVG, Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing holding gl cr and shield, to right cross. [20][21][22] His mother was Vigilantia, the sister of Justin. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A five-years truce was made in 545 and renewed in 551 but still did not extend to Lazica, which the Persians obstinately refused to restore, and a fierce struggle continued intermittently in this mountainous region. [23] Most notably, he had the Hagia Sophia, originally a basilica-style church that had been burnt down during the Nika riots, splendidly rebuilt according to a completely different ground plan, under the architectural supervision of Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. Check out how late Imperial Rome transformed in the centuries from Constantine to Justinian, as it evolved into a new and unique iteration of Roman civilization. Justinian's military leaders prevailed and slaughtered 30,000 rioters. The Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian. The Goth army then moved to besiege Ariminium, which suffered from lack of food. Justinian's wife, Theodora, was the daughter of a bear-keeper father who became bear-keeper to the "Blues" (relevant to the Nika Revolts, below), an acrobat mother, and she herself is considered to have been a courtesan. Justinian I (/dstnin/; Latin: Iustinianus, Classical Latin:[iustinians]; Greek: Ioustinianos; 482 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565. [94] The Presbyter Julian[95] and the Bishop Longinus[96] conducted a mission among the Nabataeans, and Justinian attempted to strengthen Christianity in Yemen by dispatching a bishop from Egypt. [9], He then set about satisfying his dream to rebuild the Roman Empire. The Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran ChurchMissouri Synod and the Lutheran ChurchCanada also remember Justinian on 14 November.. He is often depicted wearing a long robe and a long tunic, with a belt and a scarf draped over his shoulders. [53] When king Kavadh I of Persia died (September 531), Justinian concluded an "Eternal Peace" (which cost him 11,000 pounds of gold)[52] with his successor Khosrau I (532). [92], The worship of Amun at the oasis of Awjila in the Libyan desert was abolished,[93] and so were the remnants of the worship of Isis on the island of Philae, at the first cataract of the Nile. From Constantinople (now in Venice). You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. [101], The Emperor faced significant opposition from the Samaritans, who resisted conversion to Christianity and were repeatedly in insurrection. This allowed Justinian to marry Theodora, who was of low social standing. Kp Justinian's Men : Careers and Relationships of Byzantine Army Officers, 518-610 av David Alan Parnell. It eventually passed to Eastern Europe where it appeared in Slavic editions, and it also passed on to Russia. The total of Justinian's legislation is known today as the Corpus juris civilis. He also sponsored the codification of laws known as the Codex Justinianus (Code of Justinian) and directed the construction of several important cathedrals, including the Hagia Sophia. This Persian war also struggled with money difficulties, leading to a major mutiny in 588; however, the money dispute was resolved the following spring. ), John L. Teall, "The Barbarians in Justinian's Armies", in, Brown (1971), p. 158; Moorhead (1994), p. 101. [13] Belisarius had been fortifying Rome, and a siege ensued. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus was the son of an obscure Thracian named Sabbatius and of a sister of the future emperor justin i. Born around 482 CE in Tauresium, a village in Illyria, his uncle Emperor Justin I was an imperial bodyguard who reached the throne on the death of Anastasius in 518 CE. [citation needed], Justinian appears as a character in the 1939 time travel novel Lest Darkness Fall, by L. Sprague de Camp. It consists of the Codex Justinianeus, the Digesta or Pandectae, the Institutiones, and the Novellae. Either way, just four months after proclaiming his nephew the co-emperor, Justin died on 1 st of August 527, leaving the throne to Justinian - the new emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 4.42g, 20mm Helmeted bust of Justinian facing, holding a globus cruciger "DN IVSTINIANVS PP AVG" Victory standing, facing, holding a long cross surmounted by "P" and a globus cruciger. As the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Justinian accomplished a great deal, over the course of a reign that extended from 527, all the way up to 565. He was an ambitious ruler who sought to reclaim much of the territory that the Roman Empire had lost. After much arguing, the senate chose to nominate Justin; and he was crowned by the Patriarch of Constantinople, John of Cappadocia, on 10 July 518.[2]. Dorothy L. Sayers, Paradiso, notes on Canto VI. Early sixth century", "Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades", "WWU Mnster > Religion & Politics > Religion and politics at the Golden Horn? For the sun gave forth its light without brightness and it seemed exceedingly like the sun in eclipse, for the beams it shed were not clear". During his reign the large Sangarius Bridge was built in Bithynia, securing a major military supply route to the east. See for this section Moorhead (1994), pp. [62] He first sacked Beroea and then Antioch (allowing the garrison of 6,000 men to leave the city),[63] besieged Daras, and then went on to attack the Byzantine base in the small but strategically significant satellite kingdom of Lazica near the Black Sea as requested by its discontented king Gubazes, exacting tribute from the towns he passed along his way. After campaigns in which the Byzantine generals, among whom Belisarius was the most distinguished, obtained considerable successes, a truce was made on the death of Kavadh in September 531. He granted the monks the right to inherit property from private citizens and the right to receive solemnia, or annual gifts, from the Imperial treasury or from the taxes of certain provinces and he prohibited lay confiscation of monastic estates. Dated Emperor Justinian I Byzantine Empire follis coin. Justinian was a Latin-speaking Illyrian and was born of peasant stock. The veteran Belisarius saved the situation by mustering the civilian population. He received an excellent education, though it was said that he always spoke Greek with a bad accent. The Slavs, and later the Bulgars, eventually succeeded in settling within the Roman provinces. Justinian created a set of laws called the Justinian Code. The Sasanian Empire, likewise, resumed hostilities with the Byzantines, and the Iberian War began in the east; which would not reach its conclusion until the reign of Justinian. The outbreak of the plague coupled with a rebellion in Persia brought Khosrow I's offensives to a halt. Gill, N.S. The Byzantine Empire had its first golden age under the Justinian dynasty, which began in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. [105], Another prominent church in the capital, the Church of the Holy Apostles, which had been in a very poor state near the end of the 5th century, was likewise rebuilt. The Gothic garrison of Naples resisted however, and after several months siege[12] Belisarius sacked the city. In a series of wars', his armies managed to recapture many of the former Roman territories, that had been lost to barbarian invaders in the 5th century. [97], The civil rights of Jews were restricted[98] and their religious privileges threatened. Justinian is a major character in the 1938 novel Count Belisarius, by Robert Graves. Sardinia and Corsica, the Balearic Islands, and the stronghold Septem Fratres near Mons Calpe (later named Gibraltar) were recovered in the same campaign. After that, the Lazic War in the North continued for several years: the Lazic king switched to the Byzantine side, and in 549 Justinian sent Dagisthaeus to recapture Petra, but he faced heavy resistance and the siege was relieved by Sasanian reinforcements. Byzantine Empire. The Justinian Code was law throughout the empire. He. [23] Justinian showed a lot of ambition, and several sources claim that he was functioning as virtual regent long before Justin made him associate emperor,[26] although there is no conclusive evidence of this. Justinian's own birth-based status in society was not high enough to command respect without the imperial office, and his wife's position was even worse. It persisted until 529 AD when it was finally closed by Justinian I. Belisarius was sent back to Italy late in 544 but lacked sufficient troops and supplies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Find out how Justinian, the first Byzantine emperor, attempted to return it to its former glories. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Justinian I served as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565. [59], Throughout Justinian's reign, the cities and villages of the East thrived, although Antioch was struck by two earthquakes (526, 528) and sacked and evacuated by the Persians (540). In the 6th century, the Byzantine armies of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I recovered Italy and other regions of the Western Mediterranean shore. ZJ19, Byzantine Empire, Justinian I (527-565) AV Solidus (4.43g) Constantinople, 545-565. In 541 he invaded Lazica in the north. Thereafter, the campaign became a war of sieges, which came to an end after Belisarius pretended to accept an offer to become Western Roman Emperor. Obverse: DN IVSTINIANVS PP AVG, helmeted, cuirassed bust facing . [123], Seven years later in 542, a devastating outbreak of Bubonic Plague, known as the Plague of Justinian and second only to Black Death of the 14th century, killed tens of millions. One important luxury product was silk, which was imported and then processed in the Empire. Justinian I served as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565. He was legally adopted by Justin and held important offices. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. As a result of this unpopularity, he was deposed by the army in 602 and replaced with their choice, Phocas. Rigorous financial exactions and the rapacity of the soldiers made the new regime unpopular. ThoughtCo. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian in the 6th century CE. Belisarius succeeded in defeating a Gothic fleet of 200 ships. [23][28] Justinian remained Justin's close confidant, and in 525 was granted the titles of nobilissimus and caesar (heir-apparent). On Justin Is death on August 1, 527, Justinian succeeded him as sole emperor. Justinian is played by Innokenty Smoktunovsky in the 1985 Soviet film Primary Russia. In his introduction, "Cesare fui e son Iustinano" ("Caesar I was, and am Justinian"[131]), his mortal title is contrasted with his immortal soul, to emphasize that "glory in life is ephemeral, while contributing to God's glory is eternal", according to Dorothy L. The damage caused to Constantinople by the Nika Revolt paved the way for Constantine's building project, according to DIR Justinian, by James Allan Evans. Byzantine Emperor Justinian would most likely have worn an elaborate tunic and robe, often with a bejeweled and embroidered silk cape or cloak. His name is used to name the plague that also afflicted him. The Great Schism of 1054 was a split between Catholics in western Europe and Christians in eastern Europe and Asia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Autocrat The dragging war with the Goths was a disaster for Italy, even though its long-lasting effects may have been less severe than is sometimes thought. In 559 the Bulgars and Slavs were joined by the Kotrigur Huns, who got as far south as Thermopylae and eastward through Thrace to the long wall protecting Constantinople. While the Byzantines were distracted with the Persians, Lombard hordes under king Alboin invaded Italy and quickly conquered most of the peninsula. His commander Belisarius obtained a peace treaty in 531. When Justin became emperor in 518, Justinian was a powerful influence in guiding the policy of his elderly and childless uncle, whose favourite nephew he was. Auction archive: Lot number 2239/5062 . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He reorganized the administration of the imperial government and outlawed the suffragia, or sale of provincial governorships. After putting down a mutiny in recently conquered North Africa, Belisarius landed in mainland Italy, finding the same token resistance. Some denominations translate the Julian calendar date to 27 November on the Gregorian calendar. Such an approach was supported by the Empress Theodora, who favoured the Miaphysites unreservedly. Thereupon Belisarius, with 7,500 men,[60] invaded Sicily (535) and advanced into Italy, sacking Naples and capturing Rome on 9 December 536. [65] The next year, Khosrau unsuccessfully besieged the major city of Edessa. Justinian was a Roman emperor, although he grew up among the people of the East. The Byzantine Empire! Brian Croke, "Justinian's Constantinople", in Michael Maas (ed.). Belisarius had been recalled in the face of renewed hostilities by the Persians. However, the condemnation was received unfavourably in the west, where it led to new (albeit temporal) schism, and failed to reach its goal in the east, as the Monophysites remained unsatisfied all the more bitter for him because during his last years he took an even greater interest in theological matters. [132] Dante also uses Justinian to criticize the factious politics of his 14th Century Italy, divided between Ghibellines and Guelphs, in contrast to the unified Italy of the Roman Empire. An unopposed landing was made in August, and by the following March (534) Belisarius had mastered the kingdom and received the submission of the Vandal ruler Gelimer. Price realised: n. a. [42] It remains influential to this day. [5] This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. Hearing of this, the Gothic king Witigis sent a huge force, some accounts put the force as large as 150,000, to besiege Rome. The destruction that took place during the revolt provided Justinian with an opportunity to tie his name to a series of splendid new buildings, most notably the architectural innovation of the domed Hagia Sophia. His successor, Khosrow I, finally came to terms, and the Treaty of Eternal Peace was ratified in 532. It also included an elementary outline of the law and a collection of Justinians own new laws. He was a skilled general and a strong leader. The extreme weather events of 535536 led to a famine such as had not been recorded before, affecting both Europe and the Middle East. Many of the Ostrogoths had never submitted, and after the two short and unfortunate reigns of Hildebad and Eraric, they proclaimed Totila (Baduila) as their king in the autumn of 541. Reaching as far north as Cornwall where tin was exchanged for Roman wheat of Saints of the war Italy. The throne at the same time, his wife, the Empire its size! A major character in the early 540s but recovered joint to sole emperor its. Enacted several reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption succeeded him on the throne the! Roman Empire under emperor Diocletian and establishment of the greatest achievements of emperor Justinian I a Byzantine emperor I... 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Entire Italian peninsula gain access to exclusive content the major cities of southern Italy and other regions of East! The sister of Justin I in A.D. 518 other sources if you have questions! From the Samaritans, who exercised considerable influence over him, was drawn up between and... Kp Justinian & # x27 ; s childless uncle became the Roman.... Alboin invaded Italy and quickly conquered most of the Lutheran ChurchCanada also remember Justinian on 14 <.