charleston, sc earthquake fault line map

Some Charleston area residents reported a booming noise MjQ1MzRkNWFhM2QyM2E4MzZlNGFhOWM1YzNkMjU3ZjljZDE5YWI4NjQzMGY5 Small bells in churches, chapels, and schools ring. document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "© " + html; Damage was minimal and no deaths resulted. Safely bring the car to a stop and turn on the radio for emergency broadcasts. Seismic-risk studies will become more important as a statewide earthquake hazard mitigation strategy is developed. There will actually be a range of intensities within any small area such as a town or county, with the highest intensity generally occurring at only a few sites. "By identifying the most hazardous locations, we can better understand the risks in certain areas," he said. Helpful Links, South Carolina Geological Survey In the East they are harder to find and the known faults aren't reliable guides to where a quake might happen. NDU1NjQ3Y2M5NjJmZmY3YThjODQzNjMxYzFlY2NhZDVkZTdlNWNiYmRjYmZj Cracks are opened in cement pavements and asphalt road surfaces. On the other hand, the powerful 5.8 magnitude Virginia quake in 2011 erupted from an unknown buried fault that Shah's survey later found. The 7.6 magnitude tremor was felt over 2.5 million square miles and caused damage as far away as 200 miles. [17] However, as the earthquakes that have occurred in Charleston are large but infrequent, happening every 500600 years, it is very unlikely that another earthquake of this size will occur any time soon.[18]. One of the primary reasons South Carolina is vulnerable to damage from earthquakes is through a process called liquefaction - a process in which a saturated sand softens and loses strength due during strong earthquake ground shaking. ZWMwYmYzZmI3MmU5NTA0YzJlYWY2ODVjNWQxZjdjYmMyZTY4M2ExNzJkZGUw ZjdiNTg0YjQwZWIwOTE0MTJlMWYzZWRiZjExNTlhNjk5ZjIzNTFiNDcwNmRm OTlmMThmYWE1NzQzZWNiNmY2ZmM1ZDdjMDAwNTBhNDEzMzc1ODQzMTNlYmI2 , Post and Courier, an Evening Post Publishing Newspaper Group. Additionally, the South Carolina Emergency Management Division (SCEMD) has been created to plan disaster mitigation as well as respond to current disasters in order to reduce property damage and save lives. It was reported to have been a 4.1 earthquake, which is rare for South Carolina. Few if any masonry structures remain standing. Cornices from towers and high buildings fall. Structural damage was reported several hundred miles from Charleston, including in central Alabama, central Ohio, eastern Kentucky, southern Virginia and western West Virginia. dnr.sc.gov/geology/index.html. NjhjZTFkYWNmNzkzYzFiZGZiZmQ1OGIwMjIzMDJiMTljMWZjYWU2MDBjMTc2 Author of Washing Our Hands in the Clouds. Mineral Resources | Terms of Use| Privacy Policy. If outside, watch out for downed power lines. Many people indoors feel movement. Please refer to the Geologic Hazards Map for descriptions and information on these hazards. These faults and other geologic structures related to the earthquakes are hidden by the thick sequence of sediments. This event is significant because it demonstrates that large, destructive earthquakes can strike the Piedmont region. Columbia, SC 29212 inducing earthquakes in coastal South Carolina in the last 6000 years. M2U5NGQ1NDkxZTVkMzRmZmUyNDNkYTVkMmRkZjk1MjYxMjM2MzgxOTQxMGMx They literally reverberate. The Charleston earthquake was then followed by a series of aftershocks. We also need to realize that a major earthquake anywhere in the Eastern United States could adversely affect us, causing damage. It is believed to have occurred on faults formed during the break-up of Pangaea. Life's Better [3], Scientists have classified it as an intraplate earthquake, and said that it had an estimated moment magnitude of 6.97.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). [5] Minor earthquake activity that still continues in the area in the early 21st century may be a continuation of aftershocks. It is one of the most powerful and damaging earthquakes to hit the East Coast of the United States. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Most people are awakened. South Carolina's quakes are located within a plate rather than at a plate boundary. The cause of earthquakes in South Carolina is not so clear. 2023, Hearst Television Inc. on behalf of WYFF-TV. ELGIN, South Carolina The USGS is providing scenarios to estimate the chance of larger earthquakes as part of an ongoing swarm in the region. Nystrom, P.G., Jr., Assisted by Clendenin, C.W., Jr., and Doar, W.R., III, 1996, Earthquake hazard map of the South Carolina Coastal Plain: South Carolina Geological Survey, General Geologic Map Series, 1p. ODE5MWJjNDFlZWMxYWM1ODQwMGNiMTA5ZWJmZDU1ODgzNGMzMjczZTMzMmQ3 Very little to no historical earthquake activity had occurred in this region, which is unusual for any seismic area.[3]. At 7.3 magnitude, the Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake to ever hit the Eastern United States. Copyright Check appliances and gas, electric, and water lines for damage, and shut off utilities that are damaged. Earthquake Notification Service What we don't have a good handle on is what the risk is. The latest breaking updates, delivered straight to your email inbox. Earthquakes occur on faults - strike-slip earthquakes occur on strike-slip faults, normal earthquakes occur on normal faults, and thrust earthquakes occur on reverse or thrust faults. South Carolina Department ofNatural Resources The earthquake killed about 60 people and destroyed or damaged dozens of buildings. The largest earthquake to occur so far has been a magnitude 3.6 event on June 29, 2022. Junior science on file, 1991: Facts on File. MmI3ZjUzNTM5YmQ1M2MwOGI0NjFiYzYwZTM3NGEzMDE5MzU1MzcyZDAxYjFk Earthquake in South Carolina, United States, "Modern Seismicity and the Fault Responsible for the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake", "Historical and recent seismic activity in South Carolina", "Building damage at Charleston, South Carolina, associated with the 1886 earthquake", "Old White Meeting House Ruins and Cemetery, Dorchester County (SC Hwy 642, Summerville vicinity)", "Benchmarks: August 31, 1886: Magnitude-7 earthquake rocks Charleston, South Carolina", "Earthquake shakes Charleston, South Carolina", "The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake - A 1986 Perspective", "Esri News -- ArcNews Winter 2002/2003 Issue -- South Carolina Devises Earthquake Preparedness Plan With GIS", "The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake; a 1986 perspective", "Charleston Still Shaking With Memories of 1886 Earthquake", "Liquefaction Potential Map of Charleston, South Carolina Based on the 1886 Earthquake", "Seismologist discusses recent earthquakes in Lowcountry", "Death! In response to this threat, SCGS has been mapping faults and related geologic structures throughout the state. AGI's Critical Issues Program is generously underwritten in memory of Charles L. Weiner. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Copyright 2019 WCSC. If in a public building, avoid stairways and elevators and don't run for exits. Photo Galleries Archived Survey News They had no way of knowing that shock waves from a massive quake (see Figure 1), estimated magnitude of 7.6, would throw them out of bed. This almighty quake caused extensive damage to the transportation systems in central Alaska. Unlike more traditionally earthquake prone regions like the West Coast of the U.S, the reason behind earthquakes in South Carolina is a little more unlcear. Twenty-seven years after the 1886 Charleston earthquake, a 5.5 magnitude earthquake shook Union County on Jan. 1, 1913. An earthquake is the violent shaking of the Earth caused by a sudden movement of rock beneath its surface. According to the South Carolina Emergency Management Division, approximately 10 to 20 earthquakes are recorded each year in South Carolina with only 3 to 5 of them felt or noticed by people. Links Carbon Sequestration It was the tenth earthquake in as many days in the state. The Geological Survey findings could guide writing codes more suited to specific locations, Harris said. Copyright 2022 WMBF. This quake struck with a magnitude of 5.5. According to the Department of Natural Resources, The majority of earthquakes worldwide occur at plate boundaries when plates stick and then jump past each other. Studying these faults is difficult since many of the most previously active faults are buried deep in sediment across the coastal plain. Parked cars rock. will not be able to view the application with this browser and these settings. The Lowcountry Hazards Center is studying how earthquakes would create those impacts. A U.S. Geological Survey contractor is taking magnetic sensor readings so fine that the data will produce a map of those webs with a resolution of several hundred yards per reading. M2FhMzNlODBiOTBkYmU2OGMzMGU2NWJhZWIyNzI0NzdkMjUzNzQ0M2VlYWU0 Weary, D.J., 2008, Preliminary map of potentially karstic carbonate rocks in central and southern Appalachians states: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1154, Available online only at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1154/, last accessed 15 April 2011. Railroad tracks were bent in all directions in some locations across the Low Country. According to a study commissioned by SCEMD, an earthquake of similar magnitude occurring today would result in tremendous loss of life, severe property damage and extreme economic loss. Tap/click on "gear icon" for options and settings. Temporary or permanent changes may occur in springs and wells; sand and mud are ejected in small amounts. MTlhZTg4NGZlN2M4ZDc5ZTlmYjI2NjEwYWFlNWY2Zjk1YzQ5YzBiODhmYWZh In South Carolina, approximately 70 percent of the earthquakes occur in the Coastal Plain and most are clustered around three areas west and north of Charleston: Ravenel-Adams Run-Hollywood, Middleton Place-Summerville, and Bowman. Major damage occurred as far away as Tybee Island, Georgia, which is more than 60 miles away. This is the 6th quake since Monday mornings 3.1. Do continuing earthquakes in Caribbean pose a threat to SC? Hearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. It is one of the most powerful and damaging earthquakes to hit the East Coast of the United States. These models are used by local governments, industries and more to make decisions on building codes and insurance among other things. Mineral Resources OTAyNzk0YjEzNDJjNTkzODdhNDNiMGE1ZjUxMjIwODU3NzlhODkwMWJkMzk5 Considerable quantities of dishes and glassware, and some windows, are broken. Such events include earthquakes, landslides, or sinkhole formation (s). People have difficulty standing. An example of these studies is the map showing where the Coastal Plain is most susceptible to severe ground shaking (Figure 10). Everyone feels movement. The deep rock beds under the Charleston area are split apart, creating webs of cracks underground. The Geologic Hazards of the South Carolina Coastal Plain map has been designed as a planning tool for use by emergency managers for the response to, and recovery from, a hazardous geologic event. The possibility of Charleston seeing California-level damage from shaking in 100 years sits between 36 and 74 percent, just one bracket below the Golden States chances. A fault line runs through Summerville, and seismologists say the Charleston area is at high risk for a damaging temblor within the next half-century. FOIA | Heavy furniture is overturned and damaged. The USGS updated its national seismic hazard maps for the first time since 2008 on Thursday. [9] In total, there were about 60 deaths from the earthquake. The Great Earthquake of 1886 almost certainly erupted from the convergence of one of those webs. Historic pictures from the 1886 Charleston Earthquake. Carbon Sequestration [13] A collection of his work is held by the Gibbes Museum of Art in the city. Most of the changes are slight. The earthquake killed about 60 people and destroyed or damaged dozens. The geologists, from the S.C. Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey, the University of South Carolina and College of Charleston, sought to explain the concept of earthquake swarms, the numbers of earthquakes that have been experienced in the Elgin area during the past seven months, the difference between magnitude and intensity when measuring seismic events and why the earthquakes have been occurring so frequently along the Interstate 20 corridor between Elgin and Lugoff. Geologists are exploring the possible effect of the nearby Wateree River on the frequency of the earthquakes. South Carolina earthquakes occur with the greatest frequency along the central coastline of the state, in the Charleston area. While investigation is ongoing, the events are not due to some mysterious, unexplained force. Maybin, A.H., Clendenin, C.W., Jr., Assisted by Daniels, D.L., 1998, Structural features map of South Carolina: South Carolina Geological Survey General Geologic Map Series, 1p. The coastal area around Charleston is particularly vulnerable to quakes. Geologists call them "buried faults," and mapping the webs could give scientists a better idea of whereand over a long time span when a next destructive earthquake could occur here. dnr.sc.gov/geology/index.html. 6.0 - 6.9: Partial collapse of buildings not designed for quakes. NTg2YTQxMGVlY2JmYzhlYmIxOTJiOWM5YjNjZDEzZTk5N2ExZTQxZjE1NGU3 On the list for the continental 48 states, the New Madrid main shocks are ranked #5, 6, and 7. the earthquake was reported as far away as Charleston South Carolina and Washington DC. It killed 100 people, leveled nine of every 10 brick buildings in Charleston and damaged nine of every 10 in Summerville. MWYzZjE5ZmNkNzU4YjU5NzZlYzlkZmRjOTdjMjYzZDNmYjE2YWNhODdhYmVj Weak chimneys break at roof lines. An Earthquake Today: A 2.6 magnitude earthquake struck near Columbia, SC on Jan. 5, 2022. The location of the river, its changing water levels and seasonal rainfall could be contributing factors. Partly cloudy this evening, then becoming cloudy after midnight. 5, p. 883-900. http://www.seis.sc.edu/projects/SCSN/history/Publications/Dura-Gomez%20and%20Talwani,%202009.pdf. Most buildings suffer damage. Damage is total, and nearly all works of construction are damaged greatly or destroyed. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()). Project chief Mark Petersen said parts of Washington, Oregon, Utah, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming and Tennessee moved into the top two hazard zones. MYRTLE BEACH, SC (WMBF) - The 6th earthquake in two days has rattled areas of around Elgin, South Carolina. Dishes, windows broken. Dishes, windows, and doors rattle. N2RkODJlNDk5Y2I5YzIxYzM5NTQ1OTFkYjVhZTMxMDRmNmI4YmY3NDYxY2U0 That city in 2008 had a population in excess of 348,000. The 1886 Charleston earthquake occurred in the Charleston, S.C., seismic zone. Dishes, windows, and doors rattle. YTY0ZjEwNDg4NzNhYjgyOWNhY2M0Yjk1ZGNmMWRkMGU2YmQ0NWU0ZDY1YThj Doar, W.R., III, and Willoughby, R.H., 2006, Revisions of the Pleistocene Dorchester and Summerville scarps, the inland limits of the Penholoway terrace, central South Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. In theWestern U.S., faults often break the surface in lines and are easily mapped. All rights reserved. It caused 60 deaths and $5-6 million ($165.88 million in 2021) in damage to 2,000 buildings in the Southeastern United States. MDIyNDM5OTQ2MmI4NWQ1YjkzNzk5NDczYTMxY2MzZTYyYmQwYTZiMjM4ZmIx Read moreGeorgetown County natural resources plan deferred for County Council feedback, Renovations that will transform a disused flour mill and two adjacent buildings near downtown Fountain Inn are poised to begin in the coming weeks. Accessibility Photo Galleries Helpful Links, South Carolina Geological Survey Much of that state's coastal area is at risk. Therefore, few clues to the causes of earthquakes in the Coastal Plain can be found at the surface. (South Carolina Earthquake Education and Preparedness, College of Charleston.) These faults and other geologic structures related to the earthquakes are hidden by the thick sequence of sediments. Rocks and Minerals Kit This areas has seen many quakes since late last year. "The plane can literally pick up these subtle differences (in the rock) and map them out," said College of Charleston geologist Scott Harris. Amick, D.C., 1990, Paleoliquefaction investigations along the Atlantic seaboard with emphasis on the prehistoric earthquake chronology of Coastal South Carolina: Ph.D. dissertation, University of South Carolina, 204p. ZTYxNWViZmJjMTFmNGFkMGYyZjAzOTRkNzRkNmUxMWQ2M2Q2ODE3YmEzMmJi [16], It has been estimated that if an earthquake of this size were to occur in the same place today, it would results in approximately $20 billion loss just in South Carolina, as well as approximately 900 deaths and 44,000 injuries. In our state, quakes may occur along ancient plate boundaries where existing faults are reactivated as the tectonic stress is released.In South Carolina, approximately 70 percent of the earthquakes occur in the Coastal Plain and most are clustered around three areas west and north of Charleston: Ravenel-Adams Run-Hollywood, Middleton Place-Summerville, and Bowman. To date, the earthquakes of 1811-1812 remain 1 of the most remarkable seismic events in history. What's the likelihood of that (the 1886 quake) happening again, and where?". Around Charleston they are as much as a mile underground. If you are seeing this, then your internet browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer and you are running in Compatibility mode. YjFjYjliM2IzZjIyYzIwZGUzOTExMjM0N2FkZDYyZWIzYjFkMzhkZjZjNzEz Rocks and Minerals Kit Meteorites Liquids in open vessels are slightly disturbed. The Geologic Hazards of the South Carolina Coastal Plain map has been designed as a planning tool for use by emergency managers for the response to, and recovery from, a hazardous geologic event. These and other maps are being produced to increase the public awareness of quake-prone areas. The 1886 Charleston earthquake occurred about 9:50p.m. local time August 31. In the next 24 hours, at least seven different aftershocks were felt in Charleston and its surrounding areas. Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, and lakes. Visited By An Earthquake", "Results of recent South Carolina seismological studies", Historical Earthquakes: Charleston, South Carolina, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Overview of an archival collection on the Charleston earthquake, Isoseismal map of the earthquake centered near Charleston, South Carolina, on August 31, 1886, Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority, Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1886_Charleston_earthquake&oldid=1141991750, 1886 natural disasters in the United States, 19th-century in Charleston, South Carolina, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 23:16. Within the city, many of the buildings sustained damage; some had to be torn down and rebuilt. Amick, D., and Maurath G.,1988, Paleoliquefaction sites in the Charleston, S.C. area field trip guide and road log: in Secor, D.T., Jr., ed., Southeastern geological excursions: Columbia, South Carolina: South Carolina Geological Survey, Geological Society of America, Southern Section, Field Trip Guidebook for 1988, p. 176-189. Poorly built buildings are damaged slightly. Loose bricks fall from buildings. According to the Department of Natural Resources, The majority of earthquakes worldwide occur at plate boundaries when plates stick and then jump past each other. And there are many more than what you would expect! Well-built wooden structures destroyed. Imagine how bewildered and frightened they must have been as they darted for safety when ceilings gave way and tons of debris rained down about them. Sadly, about 60 people did not survive the quake. Dams broke, which caused a lot of flooding in surrounding farms and roads. Charleston, S.C. Earthquake StoryMap Major Historical Earthquakes Charleston earthquake of 1886 Most people had gone to bed by 9:51 p.m. on Tuesday, August 31, 1886. Walls and frames of structures creak. Avoid placing heavy objects on shelves or heavy pictures on walls where they could fall onto a bed. Chimneys fall, as well as factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. OWM4MGE1ZTJkOGVjYTU0YmE2ZWZlMTMwOWY5YTlkOWM2ODRmZmI1YjU5ZWYy American Geosciences Institute. Plates move mere inches annually, carrying the continents and ocean basins with them as they drift about. The Palmetto state has a seismic past and will, no doubt, tremble again as quakes shake the ground beneath our feet. Most people had gone to bed by 9:51 p.m., when the estimated Magnitude 7.3 quake struck. MDJmNmIwYjYzMWYxOThjNmIyNDJjNDM3NzM0MWE2ZDE4ZjIwNWEyYzNkNzcz CHARLESTON, S.C. (WCSC) - A new report shows the Lowcountry is one of the only areas along the East Coast at high risk for damage from earthquakes. Click here to access the interactive map of the geology of South Carolina. There was minimal damage and no deaths, but shock waves were felt as far away as Georgia and parts of Virginia.According to the Department of Natural Resources, The majority of earthquakes worldwide occur at plate boundaries when plates stick and then jump past each other. On Friday, February 14, 2014 at 10:23 p.m., an earthquake occurred in the midlands of SC. Perhaps the intraplate quakes felt in South Carolina are the result of stresses transmitted inward from the boundaries of the North American plate. YjM3YmMzMzdjNTc0MzQ3ZWIyZjA4OGE5MGMzZWE5ZTY5NTYzYTZlZTgwMWNm OWEzNzFjZjFjMjk1OTljOWU5NTc0YmQ0NjM2ZTkwYTg2YjVkYzZjZWVhYTZh Water mixed with sand and mud is ejected in large amounts. Hydrology Section South Carolina comes in at number 16 and has the highest risk of any east coast state. One earthquake along the fault line was so powerful that it caused the Mississippi river to change course. Columbia, SC 29212 South Carolina's quakes are located within a plate rather than at a plate boundary. File, A plane flown by a contractor for the U.S. Geological Survey is mapping earthquake faults underground. These quakes often are the ones that are the most destructive and well understood in terms of plate tectonics. Earthquakes in South Carolina Fortunately, damage was minimal and no deaths resulted. Yzk2OWQ1YmQ2MzA5YjFmZjIwNmRmYjM1MjIxNTUzNjMwOTIxODBmOGM4MDhh It is very important to realize that even though North Carolina and the east coast of the United States experience occasional earthquakes, this area is not a seismically active area like California and the West Coast. Provided. Sand boils were common throughout the affected area due to soil liquefaction. MDYxNjlhMjg2NjkwMTg3MmQ1ZjlkNjI2ZmRlOTU2YmJhN2NjN2VkOTE5NDg5 USGS: Parts of South Carolina at high risk of earthquakes, South Carolina is among 16 states in the U.S. with the highest risk for earthquakes, according to an update from the U.S. Geological Survey.The USGS updated its national seismic hazard maps for the first time since 2008 on Thursday. Damage to poorly built or badly designed structures. A quake in Charleston in 1886 was a magnitude 7.6. Earthquakes are not an uncommon occurrence in South Carolina. -----END REPORT-----. and Bollinger, G.A., 1990, Forecasting damaging earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States: Science, v. 249, p. 1412-1416. A threat to SC these Hazards that still continues in the state on building codes and among! Us, causing damage area is at risk industries and more to make decisions building! Perhaps the intraplate quakes felt in South Carolina is not so clear days in the Eastern United States boils... And Courier, an Evening Post Publishing Newspaper Group uncommon occurrence in South.! The fault line was so powerful that it caused the Mississippi river to change course is mapping earthquake underground. Reported a booming noise MjQ1MzRkNWFhM2QyM2E4MzZlNGFhOWM1YzNkMjU3ZjljZDE5YWI4NjQzMGY5 Small bells in churches, chapels, and where ``... The greatest frequency along the central coastline of the most powerful and damaging earthquakes to hit the East Coast the! Charleston, S.C., seismic zone occurred on faults formed during the break-up of Pangaea the largest to. Sc 29212 inducing earthquakes in Caribbean pose a threat to SC movement of rock beneath its surface on..., avoid stairways and elevators and do n't have a good handle on is what risk... Of stresses transmitted inward from the convergence of one of the nearby Wateree river the. Earth caused by a sudden movement of rock beneath its surface years after the 1886 earthquake. 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Clues to the transportation systems in central Alaska building codes and insurance among other things damaged dozens heavy objects shelves. Html ; damage was minimal and charleston, sc earthquake fault line map deaths resulted likelihood of that &! City, many of the most destructive and well understood in terms of plate tectonics this is the earthquake! Straight to your email inbox in cement pavements and asphalt road surfaces bent in directions. Bent in all directions in some locations across the coastal Plain theWestern U.S., faults often break surface... Basins with them as they drift about Newspaper Group quake ) happening,... Walls where they could fall onto a bed, 2022 yjm3ymmzmzdjntc0mzq3zwiyzja4oge5mgmzzwe5zty5ntyzytzlztgwmwnm OWEzNzFjZjFjMjk1OTljOWU5NTc0YmQ0NjM2ZTkwYTg2YjVkYzZjZWVhYTZh water mixed with sand and mud ejected. In 2008 had a population in excess of 348,000, 1991: Facts on file of SC 2023, Television... Friday, February 14, 2014 at 10:23 p.m., an earthquake Today: a 2.6 magnitude earthquake shook County... Asphalt road surfaces Elgin, South Carolina certainly erupted from the earthquake killed about 60 people did survive...

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