why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. She was a Protestant. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Write a paragraph or two. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Boston Spa, 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Europe. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . As such, I disagree with the statement. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. Elizabeth I: a biography. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Boston Spa, The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Why was France a threat? Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. Boston House, Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. The attack was a success. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II.

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