effect of microwave on human body ppt

By using this website, you agree to our A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. Numerous studies have shown that increased acetylcholine is related to promotion of the effect of glucose on memory [112,113,114]. 2011;31:2293301. Mortazavi S, Tavakkoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi S. Looking at the other side of the coin: the search for possible biopositive cognitive effects of the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. 2015;91:42634. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health" by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001, with respect . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Suhhova et al. Since mobile phones are used in positions very close to the human body and require a large Many intricate electrical activities occur in the central nervous system, including learning and memory, which are therefore vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation. Koch C, Zador A. 2009;4:e4389. Neurotoxicology. Neuroreport. CAS Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Knnl S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, et al. Article 2005;22:32931. 2013;89:11007. Behav Brain Res. In a study investigating the influence of low-frequency microwave (450MHz) radiation on EEG, Hinrikus et al. Behav Brain Res. It has been reported that microwave radiation can decrease both the number and the density of dendritic spines [63]. The largest problem in these studies is that they used different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, power density and irradiation time, to apply microwave radiation, in addition to using a variety of research methods. 2012;62:22336. BMJ. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron. Othman et al. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. The biological effects of microwave and RF are difficult to quantify, but one method, which in-volves the determination of the relation-ship between the body mass-averaged 2017;326:291. Dasdag et al. Int J Occup Environ Health. Vakalopoulos C. The EEG as an index of neuromodulator balance in memory and mental illness. 2010;473:525. The fields had an average power density of 0, 5, 10 or 50mW/cm2. 2013;23:306. Wang Q, Cao Z. Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. 2013;32:27380. In long-term epidemiological investigations of large population with occupational exposure, the results have not been consistent. 2003;41:26887. Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . The frequencies of these devices are listed in Table1. Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. Article Furukawa H, Singh SK, Mancusso R, Gouaux E. Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors. Electromagn Biol Med. Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Thompson S, Shore RE, Stellman SD, McRee D, et al. [59] exposed Wistar albino pregnant rats to a 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2h/d throughout the gestation period and found that the neurodevelopment, cerebral stress equilibrium and cholinesterase activity of the offspring were affected. Smythe JW, Costall B. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmki L, Laine M, et al. 1994;15:95104. The results demonstrated the ability of electric magnetic field (EMF) to influence plasma melatonin and serotonin concentrations in radar workers. PubMed [81] reported a study exploring the influence of mobile phone microwave radiation on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat brains. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. as it have a harmful side. The conclusions are shown in Table3. J Neurosci Methods. Curr Opin Neurobiol. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. Trends Neurosci. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. PubMed Central The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Messier C, Durkin T, Mrabet O, Destrade C. Memory-improving action of glucose: indirect evidence for a facilitation of hippocampal acetylcholine synthesis. Schz J, Jacobsen R, Olsen JH, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Zhao L, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Dong J, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. 2001;93:2037. Gold PE. Chin J Radiol Med Prot. Google Scholar. 2004;48:46624. [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses. Google Scholar. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Google Scholar. Cookies policy. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. 1999;75:44756. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). This classical method is often used to test learning and memory abilities after exposure to microwave radiation. Sci STKE. Military Medical Research Johansen C, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. 2004;115:1490505. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. Electromagn Biol Med. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. 2004;155:3743. One reason for this difference may be that the water maze experiment is driven by aversion, whereas the arm maze experiment is driven by appetite. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. 2009;27:556572. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. Durkin TP, Messier C, de Boer P, Westerink B. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. J Natl Cancer Inst. J Sleep Res. It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation. However,. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. Abe M, Bonini NM. 2015;91:30611. The visual reaction time and short-term memory of healthy male and female workers at a radar site with a frequency range of 218GHz was recorded with a simple blind computer-assisted-visual reaction time test or modified Wechsler Memory Scale test. Microwaves are widely used in households, industry, communications, and medical and military buildings, and they provide substantial contributions to the development of human society. 2010;2010. [84] and Sharma et al. A large amount of heat can be generated to caused severe damage to the body. Zhao L, Sun C, Xiong L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. CAS Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis. Dasdag et al. 2000;284:30017. 2014;12:75. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Most studies have suggested that microwave radiation can cause EEG abnormalities in experimental animals and participants, but some negative results have also been reported in studies using low-power microwaves. J Pharm Sci. In summary, there is evidence that microwave radiation can lead to alterations in protein synthesis or protein modifications; however, the results are controversial. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. 2008;86:718. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. To investigate the effects of 2.4GHz Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration in rats, a cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition (CMOR) task was performed by four variations of the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) test including the standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. 2015;56:2618. The effects of microwaving a human body Lia Koltyrina/Shutterstock But there are parts of the human body that are more prone to "cooking" fast, such as the eyeballs and testes. J Med Food. Impairment of long-term potentiation induction is essential for the disruption of spatial memory after microwave exposure. PubMed Dasdag et al. Xiong et al. J Environ Health. J Neuro. Synapses are special structures that are involved in the transmission of electrochemical signals between neurons in the central nervous system. EEG data reflect the functional state of the brain by enlarging the autologous weak bioelectricity recorded by the EEG-recording instrument [47]. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. LTP induction involves a signal transduction cascade that includes the release of glutamate from synaptic vesicles, activation of NMDAR at postsynaptic membranes, entry of Ca2+, and activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) II, IV and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [71]. To determine the precise dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, further detailed studies must be performed. Qiao et al. Lu M, Zhu J, Qian C, Wang G, Nie J, Tong J. [39] exposed rats to microwaves (500 pps, pulse width=2s, and average whole body-specific absorption rate (SAR)=0.6W/kg) for an exposure duration of 45min, and a significant decline was observed in the rats performance, indicating that microwave radiation influenced their working memory. 2011;343:5224. [103] found that microwave radiation caused DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks in vivo in populations submitted to occupational exposure, and the incidence of micronuclei in lymphocytes was significantly increased.

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