hcg level after 14 days of embryo transfer forum

Don't obsess. Xiong F, Li G, Sun Q, Chen P, Wang Z, Wan C, et al. I read that high HCG can occur when there are abnormalities but it sounds like my numbers are more normal than I thought. For my case, I should have more 8000 after two days? Cycles where women underwent IVF with subsequent autologous fresh or frozen embryo transfer (ET), had a serum hCG >5 mIU/mL 8 or 10 days after ET, and had an US performed between 5 0/7 and 6 6/7 weeks that did not demonstrate a viable multiple gestation . Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 22.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). What does an hCG level measure? The rate of live birth was 24.9% (56/225) in singletons and 12.5% (2/16) in twins. More information on the. Results: I was just curious what #'s you all got (if you were being monitored because of trouble conceiving) and how many babies that turned out to be. Hello Everyone! Everyone is different and Hcg loves aren't a good indicator of twins-you need an ultrasound to know for sure. Results: One hundred eleven patients had positive serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days post-ET; 89/111, or 80.2%, had ongoing pregnancies. Many women on this board (mused included) have done the NIPT with twins at the recommendation of our doctors. Reprod Biomed Online. I will be only 4 weeks post day-5 embryo transfer. Beta is in 3 days (1 Feb 2018). I am currently on my second pregnancy thru IVF. Im officially six weeks and 2 days. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies according to initial maternal serum HCG concentrations after vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). I know that my numbers are on the low side Please help! Its rising, but not doubling up, not even close. Congrats either way and let us know what happens after your first US! However, this test is not recommend for twin pregnancies (just in case:). Is it a good level? Contact our team on 0161 300 2737. We transferred two day 5 embryos (one 4AA and one 5AA) on 8/18/19. Many women who feel nauseous say they feel sick to their stomach around two weeks after missing their period. Delay of embryo transfer to day 5 results in decreased initial serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Not sure this information really helps you out as I know everyone is different. PubMedGoogle Scholar. For women that have had an HCG injection as part of their fertility treatment, the hormone takes about 5-14 days to clear from her system, depending on the dose and the individual woman. It has been reported that the rate of vanishing twin syndrome was as high as 10% after ART [13], which may affect the initial maternal serum -hCG level. Fertil Steril. Do you think that I have a hope? Wishing you a happy smooth pregnancy! Congratulations! However, my nurse said that some women who carry twins have reported passing "tissue". Beta hcg levels after ivf. One hundred eleven patients had positive serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days post-ET; 89/111, or 80.2%, had ongoing pregnancies. 63, Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, You can also search for this author in The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Tender, sore breasts - Tender and sensitive breasts could indicate a positive embryo transfer. Early Serum hCG in IVF: Are We Trending in the Right Direction? J Reprod Med. TTC #1 since 8/1/10; Me:41 and BRCA1+, DH:46 Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The .gov means its official. We respect everyones right to express their thoughts and opinions as long as they remain respectful of other community members, and meet What to Expects Terms of Use. tive value of - hCG levels following a day 5 embryo transfer in comparison to predictive values after a day 3 embryo transfer. I am currently 23 w tomorrow with twins. Wishing for happy baby or babies for both of us ?? Transferred two day-3 embryos, had severe OHSS, lost one twin between 7-13 weeks but was expecting one little one October 2013. Did you do PGS? First u/s show to have 2 embryos, but inly one developing at normal rate. In fact, during the first four weeks, hCG levels double every 48 to 72 hours. I did not do pre-implantation genetic testing because my embryos had been frozen before I even realized it and I didn't want to re-freeze and re-thaw them. 1989 Feb;51(2):304-9 hCG levels increased by 51% daily in both groups, but levels in ectopic pregnancies were only 14% of those from the control group on the same day (p<110-15). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Most of them were biochemical pregnancies (77.8%) and the remainder were early miscarriages (13.9%) and ectopic pregnancies (8.3%). Once I hear a heartbeat on Tue (crossing my fingers), I will do lots of research on this but what many woman are doing on this board sounds reasonable. An alpha value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A supportive and positive community to discuss your IVF journey. For that reason the data was analysed through a multinomial logistic model vs. multinomial distribution of a mistake and generalised logistic link function. 2018 Aug;37(2):208-215. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.04.048. I did a blood test two weeks after 5d frozen embryo transfer. I'm sorry to hear about the tissue, hopefully it's nothing to be concerned aboutwhen is your next ultrasound? Conclusions. Cite this article. Nevertheless, they demonstrated that the 2.37- and 2.6-fold values respectively predicted 89.8% of clinical pregnancies and 72.7% of live births [1]. CAS Our study showed that pregnancy outcomes of the patients with initially low serum -hCG levels were poor, with only 18.6% of live births. To approach this question we, evaluated - hCG values on day 16 after oocyte retrieval for both groups using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In normal conception, -hCG levels are doubled every 48h, and consequently, this increased pattern is applied to discriminate normal pregnancy from a state of pathological pregnancy [1]. Perform beta hcg test 14 days after embryo transfer. 2016;33:118594. My nurse and Doctor thought twins right away with my levelsbut of course only the ultrasound can tell but I wouldn't be surprised if you had two (shall I dare to say maybe 3 lol) peanuts waiting for their first picture to be takenif not then you have one super sticky bean! There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of the number of embryos transferred, the protocols of endometrial preparation, days of embryo transfer and endometrial thickness. Nausea. I have transferred two frozen embryos on May 22nd and my first beta on May 31st was 28. In the present study, pregnancy outcomes of patients whose serum -hCG levels were<300 mIU/ml 14days after blastocyst transfer were investigated. There may be suspicion with high numbers but just as many have normal range or high and not twins so will definitely need to wait for your ultrasound. The probability of one child delivery after the transfer of one embryo overdue after prolonged cultivation (96 or 120 hrs) grows with the average and above-average hCG values on the day of the draw. First HCG level after 14 days of transfer is 964. Prediction of pregnancy outcomes is performed with the intent of developing an appropriate clinical follow-up strategy. Just went in for my ultrasound and saw we had 2 sticky babies! PMC J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The gynae said "tentative congratulations" and also said that it may be just to early to see anything in the second sack but likely not twins. Maternal concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin in very early IVF pregnancies and duration of pregnancy: a follow-up study. Congratulations on your pregnancy. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. Thank you for your response! Reprod Sci. I am also 43, I had one 5 day frozen transfer almost 25 weeks ago. In our present study, the optimal threshold of a fold increase for clinical pregnancy was 1.4 with an AUC of 0.899, a sensitivity of 90.3%, and a specificity of 77.8% and a PPV of 97.4%. The transferred embryos were divided into two groups - early (cultivation 48 and 72 hrs) and prolonged cultivation (PC 96 and 120 hrs). If the level was less than 300, the ongoing multiple pregnancy rate was 9% (5/57). I was told by my clinic that the doubling time is more significant than the numbers. When an endometrial thickness was 7mm, vaginal progesterone (Crinone, Merck Serono, Germany) was given at 90mg once a day for 5days; following which, blastocysts were transferred on day 6. Prediction of patients that have had an hCG test other than 14days should be calculated according to the hCG doubling time of 48h, which limits its wider application. Setting: Second, all included patients had adoptively received only vitrified-warmed blastocysts and had serum -hCG levels that were measured on exactly the same day after embryo transfer, which can increase the accuracy of serum -hCG levels. The hCG value was 678 (564-815) IU/l1 on the 14th day after ET in pregnancy ended in delivery, 321 (216-477) IU/l on average in abortion, 82 (51-132) IU/l in biochemical pregnancy and 1070 (737-1554) IU/l in multiple pregnancy. Objective: In order to follow pregnancy outcomes, an increased number of serum -hCG tests are required; however, no appropriate follow-up plans have been suggested according to current scientific research. Powered by DCIP Consulting. The present research possesses the following advantages. Check this chart to learn more about normal beta hCG levels during pregnancy: Normal hCG levels in pregnancy chart. and transmitted securely. Kathiresan AS, Cruz-Almeida Y, Barrionuevo MJ, Maxson WS, Hoffman DI, Weitzman VN, Christie DR, Manko GF, Ory SJ. I've been on endomentrin since before fet. Higher -hCG levels are indicative of better pregnancy outcomes including higher rates of clinical pregnancy and live births [9]. Today is the 12th day after Embryo transfer, i couldnt wait so i bought a Home Pregnancy Kit (which claim it can detect HcG at low levels. Possibility of live birth in patients with low serum -hCG 14days after blastocyst transfer, \( {\left(\frac{\mathrm{HCG}1}{\mathrm{HCG}0}\right)}^{\raisebox{1ex}{$2$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{days}$}\right.} What should hCG levels be 14 days after embryo transfer? Praying for two healthy babies and an easy pregnancy for you! Serum -hCG levels had a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes (OR for a 50 mIU/ml interval), including clinical pregnancy (OR 1.875; 95% CI 1.5222.310; P=0.0001), and live births (OR 1.416; 95% CI 1.1621.726; P=0.001; Table4). The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Get the IPS Communities App for iPhone now. In addition, they are often required to take serum -hCG tests in order to monitor the progress of conception, which will increase the number of visits and thus bring them both psychological and economic stress. Beta hCG levels are increasing as you have witnessed yourself after the 4th of June. Also, the egg retrieval procedure and the later embryo transfer can cause slight cramping in the days immediately after. If you want to disable these cookies click the Configure button. Im now 22 weeks. Yet, they tend to decrease after the three month mark. Kathiresan AS, Cruz-Almeida Y, Barrionuevo MJ, Maxson WS, Hoffman DI, Weitzman VN, et al. Biochemical pregnancy loss was defined as a serum -HCG level>5mIU/ml 14days after transferring the embryo, which declined to <5 mIU/ml at the end of pregnancy without a visible gestational sac by ultrasound. 5 weeks LMP: 18 - 7,340 mIU/mL. For patients with a regular menstruation cycle, the natural cycle was the first choice and blastocysts were transferred 5days post-ovulation. A good friend transferred 2 embryos and her levels were only in the 500s after 14 days. Yohkaichiya T, Polson DW, Hughes EG, MacLachlan V, Robertson DM, Healy DL, de Kretser DM. The beta hCG quantitative blood test is ordered 14 days after your egg retrieval. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011537.pub2. Then the blastocysts were placed into a Cryotop and placed immediately into liquid nitrogen. Your levels are almost identical to mine. The rate at which serum total beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin increases after embryo transfer is a predictor of the viability of pregnancy and an identifier of determinants of pregnancy. Anyone else who has /had similar experience? Early miscarriage was defined as fetal growth arrest or no cardiac activity that was detected in the gestational sac during the first 12weeks of pregnancy. . Luteal phase support was continued to week 10 when -hCG tests were positive. Stone BA, Vargyas JM, Ringler GE, March CM, Marrs RP. For patients with an initially low -hCG, the most important consideration is to determine whether it is a clinical pregnancy. For the -hCG fold increase over 48h, the cut-off for clinical pregnancy was 1.4 with an AUC of 0.899, a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 77.8%. National Library of Medicine PubMed Location: Ryan Family Atrium, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center . Nearly 50% (47.4%) of the patients were early miscarriage and the rate of ectopic pregnancy was as high as 9.6%. Hi 10 days past day 5 embryo transfer first hCG test 211 is this a good numbers for the first beta test please help me i'm afraid that this is not goo? Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Today (8/28/19, so 10 days post transfer) I had bloodwork done and got the exciting call that I am pregnant! You can also read about our patients' experiences and the stories of their fertility journeys on our . Baseline characteristics, including female and male age, number of prior pregnancies and previous transfers, anti-mllerian hormone (AMH), and body massive index (BMI) were comparable for both groups. For thawing blastocysts, the top of the Cryotop containing the embryos was placed in a ThawingSolution for 1min at 37C. 2021 Jul;28(7):1827-1838. doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00347-8. If the level was less than 300, the ongoing multiple pregnancy rate was 9% (5/57). \). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, No. 3 weeks LMP: 5 - 50 mIU/mL. 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. Good luck! The authors declare that they have no competing interests. and transmitted securely. Second, the study population in our research included patients with low serum levels of -hCG, whose transferred embryos may be less potent than those from patients having normal -hCG levels. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. Zhang Q, Yan J, Tang R, Gao X, Zhang B, Chen ZJ. Prognostic value of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin is dependent on day of embryo transfer during invitro fertilization. This can causes problems with interpretation of pregnancy tests done earlier than 14 days after an HCG injection. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Thank you Shwhite. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). Above 6,000 mIU/ml, the hCG often takes over four days to double. Papageorgiou TC, Leondires MP, Miller BT, Chang AS, Armstrong AB, Scott LA, et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Singh N, Begum AA, Malhotra N, Bahadur A, Vanamail P. J Hum Reprod Sci. FOIA I "pray" that both my little babies do well. Would you like email updates of new search results? Serum hCG-beta levels of postovulatory day 12 and 14 with the sequential application of hCG-beta fold change significantly increased predictability of pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET cycle. Monitor pregnancy if fertilization is successful. Patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ET were monitored by serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days after ET. Result was negative. In addition, for patients having an initial -hCG >58.8 mIU/ml, then continued luteal phase support is strongly indicated. -, Fertil Steril. For natural and stimulatory cycles, vaginal progesterone gels (Utrogestan, Besins Healthcare, France, 200mg bid) was used to support the luteal phase. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Serum -hCG levels measured on the twelfth day after ovum pick up (OPU) and compared between the two groups Twelve days after embryo transfer, the mean levels of -hCG in ongoing pregnancy group (419.7 232.9 mIU/ml) was significantly higher than the group of non-viable pregnancies (44.8 72.9 mIU/ml) (p < 0.005). Although prior work has attempted to predict pregnancy outcomes by assaying serum -hCG levels after blastocyst transfer, no study has focused on pregnancy outcomes in those with initially low serum -hCG levels. The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. YXW designed research and wrote the manuscript. If the level was between 300 and 600, the ongoing pregnancy rate . Fertil Steril. Wow congratulations! ktberry, your levels were 2/3 mine. :). If the hCG level was greater than 600, the multiple pregnancy rate was 100% (7/7). I'm so worried so. Although many previous studies have investigated the prediction of pregnancy outcomes by measuring serum -hCG levels after blastocyst transfer, no study has yet focused on pregnancy outcomes of patients with an initially low serum -hCG level. ; chorionic gonadotropin; hCG. Conclusions: Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). There are other medical reasons that could be behind an unusually high beta hCG. Thank you. hCG levels chart in weeks from DPO (days past ovulation): 1 week DPO: 5 - 50 mIU/ml 2 weeks DPO: 5 - 426 mIU/ml 3 weeks DPO: 18 - 7,340 mIU/ml 4 weeks DPO: 1,080 - 56,500 mIU/ml 5 - 6 weeks DPO: 7, 650 - 229,000 mIU/ml 7 - 10 weeks DPO: 25,700 - 288,000 mIU/ml 11 - 14 weeks DPO: 13,300 - 254,000 mIU/ml 15 - 22 weeks DPO: 4,060 - 165,400 mIU/ml Objective: To determine the predictive value of serum hCG concentrations measured on the twelfth day after embryo transfer (D12) . Has anyone had such high numbers after an embryo transfer? ROC curve analysis showed that a predicted value of -hCG for clinical pregnancy was 58.8 mIU/ml with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.752, a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 53.5%. 2015;103:152631 e12. My doctor has no idea what it could have been. It's the outer layer of this sac that develops into the placenta. The threshold for live births was 108.6 mIU/ml with an AUC of 0.649 (95% CI: 0.0.5830.715), a sensitivity of 93.1%, and a specificity of 37.0% (Fig. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. My hcg is4273. Hi! Certified by Health Quality Agency of Andalusia, Certified Medical Website by the Official College of Physicians of Barcelona, Confianza Online seal of quality and transparency, Busines Adapter certificate in compliance with the LSSI (Spanish Information Society Services Act). ROC analysis showed that the predicted value for clinical pregnancy was 58.8 mIU/ml with an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI: 0.6800.823), a sensitivity of 95.0%, and a specificity of 53.5%. I can't remember my exact HCG numbers but doctor said they were very high! A retrospective study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University to study patients whose serum -hCG levels were at 5299 mIU/ml 14days after frozen blastocyst transfer. This is why your clinic will. By continuing to browse our site you agree to our use of data and cookies. Epub 2020 Oct 9. Our study showed that pregnancy outcomes of the patients with initially low serum -hCG levels were poor, with only 18.6% of live births. No PGS, we used an egg donor after failed attempts with mine. Symptoms after embryo transfer during IVF treatment: from personal experience. It typically takes 48-72 hours after the embryo transfer for the embryo to implant. Normally, you do your first pregnancy test (HCG blood test) 14 days after embryo transfer. I would definitely go onto the fertility board. I had another beta yesterday and 48 hours later and came back 270. I think I will do CVS but was looking into cell free fetal DNA testing, which is the newest non-invasive screening test. Cells that eventually become the placenta and fetus have begun to develop. My levels were 1,131 and that was 10dp5dt, retested on 12dp5dt (FET of two blasts) and it was 2,275 and I have 6 month old twin girls :) your levels do seem high!! Keywords: government site. However, this time around I am quite afraid of doing CVS. I had it done at Cedar Sinai with Dr. Williams, who has done about 27,000 CVS procedures and has had good results compared to other clinics. Press J to jump to the feed. Whats the opinion of your doctor? In case you don't get a ton of answers here, you might get more there. Thanks Nescio. If positive, serial values of hCG were obtained and transvaginal ultrasound was performed 3 weeks after ET and weekly until fetal cardiac activity was seen. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the For frozen embryo transfer, the cut-off value was 137399IU/L for clinical pregnancy and 212411IU/L for live births 1112days after embryo transfer [6,7,8]. Days 7 and 8: Fetal development continues, and hCG continues to be secreted. The study by Xiong et al., determined that optimal thresholds were 152.2IU/L and 211.9IU/L respectively in predicting clinical pregnancy and live births in patients that had -hCG tests 11days after vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer [7]. Research on hCG Levels After IVF Hum Reprod. Our research had merely included patients with initially low serum -hCG levels, instead of all pregnant women, since there have been many studies like that. Another serum -hCG test and ultrasound should be performed one week later. Morning sickness or nausea typically start in the second month of pregnancy, so it's not a symptom women normally experience in the 2-week wait after a fresh or frozen embryo transfer. Before I'm really sorry for you . 2020. p. 16. JBRA Assist Reprod. For patients having an initial -hCG >58.8 mIU/ml, luteal phase support should continue. Your post will be hidden and deleted by moderators. Hello! On 7th of June was 421. In an IVF procedure, a pregnancy test is done after two weeks to check the results. The burse said numbers dont provide that info, onlu u/s.so now we just waiting. 63, Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, No. First, the patients studied had a -hCG test 14days after embryo transfer. 6 weeks LMP: 1,080 . Nescio, my ultrasound is on Tue, July 19. Chrck out betabase.com and you can see the range of numbers for how many days past ovulation you are (which is the same as days past ER). Quantitative variables with a heterogeneous variance were expressed as the median (1st and 3rd quartiles), and the medians were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. I had three 5-day embryos transferred and I had just turned 43 yrs when my eggs were retrieved so it is extremely unlikely that I could be carrying twins or triplets due to the high rate of abnormal embryos in my age group. PMC Since it is detected in maternal serum as soon as 68days after fertilization, -hCG is widely used in the clinic as a marker of pregnancy. When an initial serum -hCG is <58.8 mIU/ml, luteal phase support should be discontinued and serum -hCG measured with ultrasound one week later. 2021 Jul;28(7):1827-1838. doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00347-8. When the dominant follicle was 18mm, 800010,000IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was given to induce ovulation. Three protocols were available for endometrial preparation: 1) the natural cycle, 2) artificial cycle and 3) ovarian stimulation cycle. Careers. Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. Here are my results9dpt = 238, 10dpt = 557, 12dpt = 1473. 1985 Oct 26;291(6503):1160-3 Hcg 13 days after transfer was 1389 e2 - 2302 progesterone-17.4. After my positive test, my clinic made me do three blood tests to watch the rise . For patients without follicular development, an artificial cycle was given. MeSH For patients with decreased -hCG levels, 96.8% (30/31) were biochemical pregnancy loss. This prospective study was designed to assess the predictive value of a 14-day post-ET hCG level with pregnancy outcome and multiple gestation pregnancies. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin level measured 17 days after oocyte retrieval can predict final clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. Found out at 6 mos that our little one had died weeks earlier and had to induce and deliver stillborn, July 25, 2013. Generally, hCG maintains progesterone levels during the beginning of pregnancy, which supports healthy uterine and fetal growth. It is important to determine beta-hCG levels regardless a potential bleeding since bleeding can occur during early pregnancy. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. J Assist Reprod Genet. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not the user has consented to the use of Cookies. Shamonki et al., confirmed that declining serum -hCG levels almost always led to a failed live birth, although they reported 3 cases of live birth with declined serum -hCG levels in a cohort of 6021 patients [10]. 63, Duobao Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, No. My HCG levels 14 days after a frozen embryo transfer was 3700 !!! Cells from the placenta grow deep into the lining of the uterus, establishing a rich blood supply. The Internet will tell you pretty much everything causes abnormalities to the point your head spinsit is hard, but especially for things like this that are completely out of control, try to give yourself a break with the worry. In sum, 164 patients had another serum -hCG test at 224days (mean: 6.75days) after the initial measurement, among which, 133 had increased -hCG levels and 31 had decreased values.

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